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Assessing the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A): Specific and General Insights from an Ethiopian Context.

ABSTRACT: The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) has been used in a variety of forms and in a range of countries. This study involves a detailed examination of the PAQ-A to determine its applicability and effectiveness in an Ethiopian setting. We administered the scale to 110 Ethiopian adolescents on two occasions, 5 weeks apart. Data were inspected for features typical of the participants and analyzed to identify interitem correlations, the scale's factor structure, and a range of descriptive statistics concerning composite scores. Most of the scale's items were satisfactorily interrelated according to lenient criteria, and most items loaded on a single factor in exploratory factor analyses. However, a number of the scale's properties were deficient according to stringent or conventionally accepted psychometric criteria. Close inspection of participants' responses highlighted problems in the way the scale is worded, interpreted by participants, and scored. Although the scale does not capture PA as an homogeneous construct, we argue that this is not a problem and neither is its poor test-retest reliability. We make recommendations concerning presentation and scoring of the PAQ-A that are likely to enhance its validity beyond Ethiopia, and we provide a modified version of the scale.

SUBMITTER: Andarge E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8294967 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Measuring physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in young children (<5 years) is complex. Objective measures have high validity but require specialist expertise, are expensive, and can be burdensome for participants. A proxy-report instrument for young children that accurately measures PA and ST is needed. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Early Years Physical Activity Questionnaire (EY-PAQ). In a setting where English and Urdu are the predominant languages spoken by parents of young children, a sample of 196 parents and their young children (mean age 3.2 ± 0.8 years) from Bradford, UK took part in the study. A total of 156 (79.6%) questionnaires were completed in English and 40 (20.4%) were completed in transliterated Urdu. A total of 109 parents took part in the reliability aspect of the study, which involved completion of the EY-PAQ on two occasions (7.2 days apart; standard deviation (SD) = 1.1). All 196 participants took part in the validity aspect which involved comparison of EY-PAQ scores against accelerometry. Validty anaylsis used all data and data falling with specific MVPA and ST boundaries. Reliability was assessed using intra-class correlations (ICC) and validity by Bland⁻Altman plots and rank correlation coefficients. The test re-test reliability of the EY-PAQ was moderate for ST (ICC = 0.47) and fair for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)(ICC = 0.35). The EY-PAQ had poor agreement with accelerometer-determined ST (mean difference = -87.5 min·day-1) and good agreement for MVPA (mean difference = 7.1 min·day-1) limits of agreement were wide for all variables. The rank correlation coefficient was non-significant for ST (rho = 0.19) and significant for MVPA (rho = 0.30). The EY-PAQ has comparable validity and reliability to other PA self-report tools and is a promising population-based measure of young children's habitual MVPA but not ST. In situations when objective methods are not possible for measurement of young children's MVPA, the EY-PAQ may be a suitable alternative but only if boundaries are applied.

Project description:BACKGROUND: There is a need for valid population level measures of physical activity in young children. The aim of this paper is to report the development, and the reliability and validity, of the Preschool-age Children's Physical Activity Questionnaire (Pre-PAQ) which was designed to measure activity of preschool-age children in the home environment in population studies. METHODS: Pre-PAQ was completed by 103 families, and validated against accelerometry for 67 children (mean age 3.8 years, SD 0.74; males 53%). Pre-PAQ categorizes activity into five progressive levels (stationary no movement, stationary with limb or trunk movement, slow, medium, or fast-paced activity). Pre-PAQ Levels 1-2 (stationary activities) were combined for analyses. Accelerometer data were categorized for stationary, sedentary (SED), non-sedentary (non-SED), light (LPA), moderate (MPA) and vigorous (VPA) physical activity using manufacturer's advice (stationary) or the cut-points described by Sirard et al and Reilly et al. Bland-Altman methods were used to assess agreement between the questionnaire and the accelerometer measures for corresponding activity levels. Reliability of the Pre-PAQ over one week was determined using intraclass correlations (ICC) or kappa (?) values and percentage of agreement of responses between the two questionnaire administrations. RESULTS: Pre-PAQ had good agreement with LPA (mean difference 1.9 mins.day?¹) and VPA (mean difference -4.8 mins.day?¹), was adequate for stationary activity (mean difference 7.6 mins.day?¹) and poor for sedentary activity, whether defined using the cut-points of Sirard et al (mean difference -235.4 mins.day?¹) or Reilly et al (mean difference -208.6 mins.day?¹) cut-points. Mean difference between the measures for total activity (i.e. Reilly's non-sedentary or Sirard's LMVPA) was 20.9 mins.day?¹ and 45.2 mins.day?¹. The limits of agreement were wide for all categories. The reliability of Pre-PAQ question responses ranged from 0.31-1.00 (ICC (2, 1)) for continuous measures and 0.60-0.97 (?) for categorical measures. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-PAQ has acceptable validity and reliability and appears promising as a population measure of activity behavior but it requires further testing on a more broadly representative population to affirm this. Pre-PAQ fills an important niche for researchers to measure activity in preschool-age children and concurrently to measure parental, family and neighborhood factors that influence these behaviors.

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Assessing the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A): Specific and General Insights from an Ethiopian Context.

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