Carbamazepine and Diclofenac Removal Double Treatment: Oxidation and Adsorption.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Aldeguer Esquerdo A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8296929 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Unused pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) discharged into the aquatic environment have been regarded as emerging pollutants due to potential harmful effects on humans and the environment. Microbial bioremediation is considered as a viable option for their removal from wastewater. The aim of this study was to assess the simultaneous removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP) by previously isolated fungi (Aspergillus niger, Mucor circinelloides, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trametes polyzona, and Rhizopus microsporus). The tolerance to PhCs was conducted by tracking the fungal mycelium mat diameters in solid media and its dry biomass in liquid media, at the drug concentration range of 0.1 to 15 mg/L. The fungal enzymatic activities were determined for lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Lac), respectively. The PhC removal efficiency of the fungi was assessed in aerated batch flasks and the drug concentrations and intermediate compounds formation were determined by using SPE-UPLC/MS. A tolerance over 70% was recorded for all the fungi at drug concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Manganese peroxidase was produced by all the fungi with very low amount of LiP, while all the enzymes were produced by T. polyzona. The pH of 4.3, temperature 37 ± 1.5°C and incubation time of 6 days were the optimum parameters for the fungal enzymatic activities. The best removal of CBZ (87%) was achieved by R. microsporus after 10 days. Between 78 and 100% removal of DCF was observed by all the fungi after 24 h, while 98% of IBP was removed after 2 days by M. circinelloides. Only a few intermediate compounds were identified after 3 days and disappeared after 10 days of incubation. This study demonstrated that apart from the basidiomycetes, the ascomycetes and zygomycetes are also producers of ligninolytic enzymes and have the ability to biodegrade emerging pollutants such as PhCs.
| S-EPMC8710540 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sustainable and green synthesis of nanocomposites for degradation of pharmaceuticals was developed via immobilization and stabilization of the biological strong oxidizing agents, peroxidase enzymes, on a solid support. Sol-gel encapsulated enzyme composites were characterized using electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), atomic force microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) were adsorbed onto magnetite nanoparticles and sol-gel encapsulated in a surface silica layer. Encapsulation enhanced the stability of the biocatalysts over time and thermal stability. The biocatalysts showed appreciable selectivity in oxidation of the organic drinking water pollutants diclofenac, carbamazepine, and paracetamol with improved activity being pharmaceutical specific for each enzyme. In particular, sol-gel encapsulated LiP- and HRP-based nanocomposites were active over 20 consecutive cycles for 20 days at 55 °C (24 h/cycle). The stability of the sol-gel encapsulated catalysts in acidic medium was also improved compared to native enzymes. Carbamazepine and diclofenac were degraded to 68% and 64% by sol-gel LiP composites respectively at pH 5 under elevated temperature. Total destruction of carbamazepine and diclofenac was achieved at pH 3 (55 °C) within 3 days, in the case of both immobilized HRP and LiP. Using NMR spectroscopy, characterization of the drug decomposition products, and decomposition pathways by the peroxidase enzymes suggested.
| S-EPMC7075194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As the world population continues to grow, there is also a rising concern regarding water pollution since this condition could negatively impact the supply of clean water. One of the most recent concerns is related to the pollution that comes from various pharmaceuticals, in particular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) since they have been industrially produced at large scale and can be easily purchased as an over-the-counter medicine. Diclofenac is one of the most popular NSAIDs because of its high-effectiveness, which leads to its excessive consumption. Consequently, its presence in water bodies is also continuously increasing. An adsorption process could then be employed as a highly effective method to address this issue. In comparison to other conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon, the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as an alternative adsorbent is very attractive since it can offer various advantages such as tailorability and high adsorption capacity. In this study, the performance of three water-stable, free-base porphyrin MOFs assembled using zirconia-based nodes, namely MOF-525, MOF-545, and NU-902, for diclofenac adsorption was thoroughly investigated. Interestingly, although all three free-base porphyrin MOFs are assembled using the same building block and have a similar specific surface area (based on the experimental argon physisorption and calculation based on non-localized density functional theory), their diclofenac adsorption capacity is substantially different from one another. It is found that the highest diclofenac adsorption capacity is shown by MOF-525, which has maximum capacity around 792 mg g-1. This is then followed by MOF-545 and NU-902 that have adsorption capacities around 591 and 486 mg g-1, respectively. Some possible adsorption mechanisms are then thoroughly discussed that might contribute to this phenomenon. Lastly, their performance is also compared with other MOFs that are also studied for this purpose to show their performance superiority not only in terms of adsorption capacity but also their affinity towards the diclofenac molecule, which might be useful as an adsorption performance indicator in the real condition where the contaminant concentration is considerably low.
| S-EPMC10388161 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Double J (DJ) stents are often removed under local anesthesia using a rigid cystoscope. Patients experience significant pain during this procedure and also continue to have discomfort during voiding for a few days. We assessed the efficacy and safety of preemptive oral diclofenac in pain relief in patients undergoing DJ stent removal (DJSR) by rigid cystoscopy compared to placebo. METHODS:Consecutive consenting male patients undergoing DJSR under local anesthesia between March 2014 and July 2015 were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive 75 mg oral diclofenac (Group A) or placebo (Group B) 1 h before procedure by double-blind randomization. Intraurethral 2% lignocaine gel (25 ml) was used in both groups. Pain during rigid cystoscopy, pain at the first void, and at 24 h after cystoscopy was assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) (0-100). Adverse reactions to diclofenac and episodes of acute urinary retention, if any, were assessed (Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02598102). RESULTS:A total of 121 males (Group A [n = 62]; Group B [n = 59]) underwent stent removal. The median (Interquartile range) VAS during the procedure in Group A was 30 (30) and Group B was 60 (30) (P < 0.001), at first void was 30 (30) and 70 (30) (P < 0.001) and at 24 h postoperatively was 20 (20) and 40 (20) (P < 0.001). The incidence of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and acute urinary retention was comparable in the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:A single oral dose of diclofenac administered 1 h before DJSR using rigid cystoscope under intraurethral lignocaine anesthesia decreases pain significantly during and up to 24 h postprocedure with minimal side effects.
| S-EPMC5264194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Porous graphitic biochar was synthesized by one-step treatment biomass using potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) as activator for both carbonization and graphitization processes. The modified biochar (Fe@BC) was applied for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF) in an aqueous solution. The as-prepared material possesses a well-developed micro/mesoporous and graphitic structure, which can strengthen its adsorption capacity towards DCF. The experimental results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Fe@BC for DCF obtained from Langmuir isotherm simulation was 123.45 mg·L-1 and it was a remarkable value of DCF adsorption in comparison with that of other biomass-based adsorbents previously reported. Thermodynamic quality and effect of ionic strength studies demonstrated that the adsorption was a endothermic process, and higher environmental temperatures may be more favorable for the uptake of DCF onto Fe@BC surface; however, the presence of NaCl in the solution slightly obstructed DCF adsorption. Adsorption capacity was found to be decreased with the increase of solution pH. Additionally, the possible mechanism of the DCF adsorption process on Fe@BC may involve chemical adsorption with the presence of H-bonding and π-π interaction. With high adsorption capacity and reusability, Fe@BC was found to be a promising absorbent for DCF removal from water as well as for water purification applications.
| S-EPMC6981925 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microplastics (MPs) are novel pollutants, which can carry toxic contaminants and are released in biota and accumulate. The adsorption behavior of MPs and aged MPs has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, the aging process of polystyrene (PS) and poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) plastics under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at a high temperature and their adsorption properties for the contaminant diclofenac sodium (DCF) before and after aging was investigated. There are many factors affecting the adsorption capacity of MPs. In this experiment, three aspects of MPs, organic pollutants, and environmental factors are explored. The Freundlich model as well as the pseudosecondary kinetic model is more applicable to the process of DCF adsorption by MPs. The main effects of adsorption of organic pollutants by MPs are electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-halogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The adsorption capacity of the UV-aged MPs on DCF is significantly enhanced, and the order of adsorption capacity is Q(A-PBAT) (27.65 mg/g) > Q (A-PS) (23.91 mg/g) > Q (PBAT) (9.30 mg/g) > Q (PS) (9.21 mg/g). The results show that more active sites are generated on the surface of MPs after aging, which can enhance their adsorption capacity for organic pollutants. This adsorption mechanism will increase their role as contaminant carriers in the aquatic food chain.
| S-EPMC9863539 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Environmental pollution with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their metabolites exposes living organisms on their long-lasting, damaging influence. Hence, the ways of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) removal from soils and wastewater is sought for. Among the potential adsorbents, biopolymers are employed for their good availability, biodegradability and low costs. The first available theoretical modeling study of the interactions of diclofenac with models of pristine chitosan and its modified chains is presented here. Supermolecular interaction energy in chitosan:drug complexes is compared with the the mutual attraction of the chitosan dimers. Supermolecular interaction energy for the chitosan-diclofenac complexes is significantly lower than the mutual interaction between two chitosan chains, suggesting that the diclofenac molecule will encounter problems when penetrating into the chitosan material. However, its surface adsorption is feasible due to a large number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors both in biopolymer and in diclofenac. Modification of chitosan material introducing long-distanced amino groups significantly influences the intramolecular interactions within a single polymer chain, thus blocking the access of diclofenac to the biopolymer backbone. The strongest attraction between two chitosan chains with two long-distanced amino groups can exceed 120 kcal/mol, while the modified chitosan:diclofenac interaction remains of the order of 20 to 40 kcal/mol.
| S-EPMC7321203 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Environmental pollution by man-made toxic and persistent organic compounds, found throughout the world in surface and groundwater, has various negative effects on aquatic life systems and even humans. Therefore, it is important to develop and improve water treatment technologies capable of removing such substances from wastewater and purifying drinking water. The two substances investigated are the widely used painkiller diclofenac and a member of the class of "forever chemicals", perfluorobutanesulfonate. Both are known to have serious negative effects on living organisms, especially under long-term exposure, and are detectable in human hair, suggesting adsorption to a part of the hair fiber complex. In this study, a human hair keratin dimer is investigated for its ability to absorb diclofenac and perfluorobutanesulfonate. Initial predictions for binding sites are obtained via molecular docking and subjected to molecular dynamics simulations for more than 1 μs. The binding affinities obtained by the linear interaction energy method are high enough to motivate further research on human hair keratins as a sustainable, low-cost, and easily allocatable filtration material.
| S-EPMC10788924 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Diclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine are three of the most widely detected and most concerning pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria that may be involved in their degradation from a bacterial biofilm. Selective enrichment cultures in mineral salt solution containing pharmaceutical compounds as sole source of carbon and energy were set up, and population dynamics were monitored using shotgun metagenome sequencing. Bacterial genomes were reconstructed using genome-resolved metagenomics. Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained, identified at species level, and tested regarding pharmaceutical biodegradation at an initial concentration of 1.5 mg l-1. The results indicated that most probably diclofenac biodegrading cultures consisted of members of genera Ferrovibrio, Hydrocarboniphaga, Zavarzinia, and Sphingopyxis, while in ibuprofen biodegradation Nocardioides and Starkeya, and in carbamazepine biodegradation Nocardioides, Pseudonocardia, and Sphingopyxis might be involved. During the enrichments, compared to the initial state the percentage relative abundance of these genera increased up to three orders of magnitude. Except Starkeya, the genomes of these bacteria were reconstructed and annotated. Metabolic analyses of the annotated genomes indicated that these bacteria harbored genes associated with pharmaceutical biodegradation. Stenotrophomonas humi DIC_5 and Rhizobium daejeonense IBU_18 isolates eliminated diclofenac and ibuprofen during the tests in the presence of either glucose (3 g l-1) or in R2A broth. Higher than 90% concentration reduction was observed in the case of both compounds.
| S-EPMC10076411 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The paper presents the results of studies on the modeling and optimization of organic pollutant removal from an aqueous solution in the course of simultaneous adsorption onto activated carbons with varied physical characteristics and oxidation using H2O2. The methodology for determining the models used for predicting the sorption and catalytic parameters in the process was presented. The analysis of the influence of the sorption and catalytic parameters of activated carbons as well as the oxidizer dose on the removal dynamics of organic dyes-phenol red and crystal violet-was carried out based on the designated empirical models. The obtained results confirm the influence of specific surface area (S) of the activated carbon and oxidizer dose on the values of the reaction rate constants related to the removal of pollutants from the solution in a simultaneous process. It was observed that the lower the specific surface area of carbon (S), the greater the influence of the oxidizer on the removal of pollutants from the solution. The proposed model, used for optimization of parameters in a simultaneous process, enables to analyze the effect of selected sorbents as well as the type and dose of the applied oxidizer on the pollutant removal efficiency. The practical application of models will enable to optimize the selection of a sorbent and oxidizer used simultaneously for a given group of pollutants and thus reduce the process costs.
| S-EPMC7579614 | biostudies-literature