Impact of Malocclusion, Tooth Loss and Oral Hygiene Habits on Quality of Life in Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pereira D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8297275 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Subjective aspects such as oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and depression are important aspects in the periodontal care. The objectives of the study were to test a predictive model of clinical attachment loss and OHRQoL in a pooled sample of dental patients with periodontitis and mental health patients with depressive symptomatology, and test the invariance of the model across both types of patients. Three self-report scales were applied to assess depression, OHRQoL and oral hygiene habits, saliva samples were collected for three proinflammatory biomarkers, and the clinical attachment loss was measured in 35 patients with periodontitis and 26 patients with depressive symptomatology. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The one-group analysis revealed a psychosomatic complaint model of disagreement between the complaint and the clinically observable. In the multi-group analysis, the model was not invariant. It was necessary to introduce a singularity in relation to depressive symptomatology for each population. Thus, a good and equivalent fit was achieved between the six nested models in constraints, as well as equivalent parameters between both types of patients. The study of a dental population in conjunction with a mental health population with a psychosomatic risk factor reveals interesting and unexpected results.
| S-EPMC7148471 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRecent evidence has shown that the prevalence of periodontal diseases is still high among adolescents and, thus, there is an impetus to promote good oral hygiene habits among them through schools. There is a need to provide baseline data on the oral hygiene habits of adolescents and how it impacts their oral health-related quality of life for appropriate intervention to be instituted. Moreover, oral health-related quality of life describes how oral health affects the daily activities of individuals; thus, it provides a holistic means of involving individuals in making decisions about their oral health including uptake of oral hygiene habits.AimTo assess the impact of oral hygiene habits on adolescents' oral health-related quality of life.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,800 adolescents aged 14-18 years attending 36 Senior Secondary Schools in the metropolis of Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which assessed students' sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, and oral health-related quality of life with COHIP-SF19. Data obtained was analyzed with SPSS version 25 and the p-value was set at <5%.ResultsThe mean age of the adolescents was 15.16 (±1.16) years. Many 1,094 (60.3%) cleaned their teeth twice or more often daily with 126 (7.0%) cleaning after meals and 1,519 (84.4%) changing their tooth cleaning agent at three months intervals or less. About 1,215 (67.5%) spent three minutes or longer in cleaning their teeth. Only a few 238 (13.2%) cleaned interdentally and 137 (7.6%) used dental floss. The OHRQoL scores of the adolescents ranged from 9-76. A total of 1,612 (93.5%) had at least an impact on their OHRQoL. Those who cleaned their teeth more frequently (twice or more) were more likely to have better OHRQoL (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.4, p = 0.025) and those who did not clean interdentally were more likely to have better OHRQoL (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2-6.5, p = 0.014) than others.ConclusionThe oral hygiene habits of the adolescents were suboptimal and those who cleaned their teeth twice or more often each day had fewer impacts on their OHRQoL, whereas those who engaged in interdental cleaning had higher impacts on their OHRQoL than others.
| S-EPMC9632948 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe incidence of malocclusion is higher among people with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) than the general population, and treatment options are limited due to the weak structure of bones and teeth. Focusing on those malocclusion traits that might have a high impact on a patient's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is warranted.MethodsA total of 138 children and adolescents with OI were examined for malocclusion traits. OHRQoL was measured using age-specific versions (8 through 10 years and 11 through 14 years) of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ), considering the following domains: oral symptoms, functional limitation, emotional well-being, and social well-being. Higher scores implied worse OHRQoL. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate the association between malocclusion traits and OHRQoL.ResultsAmong children aged 8 through 10 years (n = 56), the CPQ and its constituent domain scores were relatively similar between those with malocclusion (higher scores) and those without. In the adolescent (n = 82) group aged 11 through 14 years; however, those with posterior crossbite (odds ratio, 5.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.40 to 12.41) or open bite (odds ratio, 3.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 10.23) experienced statistically significantly higher degrees of functional limitations (a higher functional limitation score) than those without.ConclusionsAdolescents with OI and posterior open bites or crossbites have substantial self-reported functional limitations and worse oral symptoms, which warrants additional investigation and therapeutic trials in an attempt to improve the malocclusion. In addition, the authors found that the CPQ can be a useful tool in a clinical trial of orthodontic interventions in OI.
| S-EPMC7360479 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIt is increasingly recognized that the impact of disease on quality of life should be taken into account when assessing health status. It is likely that tooth loss, in most cases being a consequence of oral diseases, affects Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The aim of the present study is to systematically review the literature and to analyse the relationship between the number and location of missing teeth and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). It was hypothesized that tooth loss is associated with an impairment of OHRQoL. Secondly, it was hypothesized that location and distribution of remaining teeth play an important role in this.MethodsRelevant databases were searched for papers in English, published from 1990 to July 2009 following a broad search strategy. Relevant papers were selected by two independent readers using predefined exclusion criteria, firstly on the basis of abstracts, secondly by assessing full-text papers. Selected studies were grouped on the basis of OHRQoL instruments used and assessed for feasibility for quantitative synthesis. Comparable outcomes were subjected to meta-analysis; remaining outcomes were subjected to a qualitative synthesis only.ResultsFrom a total of 924 references, 35 were eligible for synthesis (inter-reader agreement abstracts κ = 0.84 ± 0.03; full-texts: κ = 0.68 ± 0.06). Meta-analysis was feasible for 10 studies reporting on 13 different samples, resulting in 6 separate analyses. All studies showed that tooth loss is associated with unfavourable OHRQoL scores, independent of study location and OHRQoL instrument used. Qualitative synthesis showed that all 9 studies investigating a possible relationship between number of occluding pairs of teeth present and OHRQoL reported significant positive correlations. Five studies presented separate data regarding OHRQoL and location of tooth loss (anterior tooth loss vs. posterior tooth loss). Four of these reported highest impact for anterior tooth loss; one study indicated a similar impact for both locations of tooth loss.ConclusionsThis study provides fairly strong evidence that tooth loss is associated with impairment of OHRQoL and location and distribution of tooth loss affect the severity of the impairment. This association seems to be independent from the OHRQoL instrument used and context of the included samples.
| S-EPMC2992503 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Parents’ awareness of malocclusion and the appropriate timing to seek orthodontic consultation for their children has a substantial impact on children’s orthodontic treatment. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate parents’ awareness of malocclusion and orthodontic consultation of their children and the influence of parents’ demographics on their awareness level. An electronic survey collected information about participants’ demographics and awareness about malocclusion and orthodontic consultation of children. A total of 473 parents living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, participated in the study. The average awareness level among parents was moderate (3.09 ± 1.4). Male gender and unemployment were associated with low orthodontic awareness levels relative to moderate awareness (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.8–5.8 and OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1–3.8, respectively). Former or current orthodontic treatment was associated with high awareness levels (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.4–6.5). There is still a need to raise the awareness of Saudi parents about malocclusion and orthodontic consultations for their children. Orthodontic awareness-raising campaigns should be designed to include fathers and parents with low socioeconomic status. The findings of this study also suggest that orthodontists can enhance their patient’s awareness of malocclusion and orthodontic consultation for their children.
| S-EPMC9776414 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oral health behaviours of children are formulated from a very young age. Formation of those behaviours among very young children is dependent on their mothers/caregivers who may themselves require support from the health profession or laypersons. The study aimed to investigate if early life visits for check-up and dental advice and perceived support improved oral health behaviours as practiced by mothers of toddlers aged 24⁻30 months old. Data from a population-base birth cohort study in South Australia was used. The study recruited and followed mothers of newborn children from birth to age 24⁻30 months. Parental questionnaires collected information about socioeconomic factors, dental visiting patterns, and oral health behaviours as practiced by the mothers for their child. Self-reported putting a child to bed with a bottle and brushing a child's teeth were the outcome variables. The two main exposures of this study were (1) early visiting for a dental advice, and (2) layperson support that a mother received in the first two years of having the child. Data were analysed progressively from bivariate to multivariable regression models. A total of 1183 mother/child dyads had complete data. The retained sample was representative of the population. Approximately 36% of mothers put their child to bed with a bottle and 26% of mothers did not brush their child's teeth the night before. Around 29% of children had a visit for dental check-up and 80% of mothers reported having lay support. There were gradients in the outcome variables by socioeconomic factors and the main exposures. Multivariable regression models reported that having no dental visit for advice and having no lay support were associated with 1.30 and 1.21 imes higher rates of putting a child to bed with a bottle, respectively. Having no dental visit for advice was associated with a 1.37-times higher rate of not brushing a child's teeth, controlling for other factors. This population-based birth cohort study confirmed importance of early life dental visit for check-up and support for mothers of young children in establishing oral health behaviours of young children.
| S-EPMC6313388 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe existing body of evidence reports an inconsistent association between subjective and objective orthodontic treatment need. The concept of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) might help to explain the differences in subjective and objective orthodontic treatment need. Our aim was to investigate the association of subjective orthodontic treatment with OHRQoL in children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. OHRQoL and subjective orthodontic treatment need were assessed by parental questionnaires. Questionnaire items were individually compared among children with no, borderline and definite subjective orthodontic need. The association between subjective orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL was investigated in multivariate regression analysis with weighted least squares. Differences by sex and levels of objective orthodontic treatment need were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 3774 children were included in the analysis. Children with borderline subjective orthodontic treatment need and those with definite subjective orthodontic treatment need had significantly poorer OHRQoL based on the fully adjusted model (adjusted regression coefficient (aβ)=-0.49, 95% CI: -0.75, -0.30; (aβ)=-1.58, 95% CI: -1.81, -1.58, respectively). The association between subjective orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL was stronger in girls than in boys and stronger in children with objective orthodontic treatment need than in those with none.ConclusionsOral health-related quality of life is poorer in children with subjective orthodontic treatment need. This has not been investigated before in such a large-population-based study and clearly offers an explanation for the lack of concurrence between objective and subjective orthodontic treatment need.
| S-EPMC5501354 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo find out whether misuse of dental hygiene, in terms of certain dental habits, may facilitate the spread of COVID-19 among cohabiting individuals.Methods302 COVID-19 infected (PCR +) subjects cohabiting with someone else at home were selected for an observational cross-sectional study. An anonymous online questionnaire was developed using Google forms to avoid person-to-person contact. The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, cross transmission to another person living together, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment like sharing toothbrush, sharing toothbrush container, sharing toothpaste, placing brush vertically, placing cap with hole for brush, disinfecting brush with bleach, closing toilet lid before flushing.ResultsTongue brushing was more used in the group where there was no transmission of the disease to other members (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found for shared toothbrush use (p < 0.05), although shared use was a minority in this group (4. 7%), significant differences were also found for the use of the same container (p < 0.01), shared use of toothpaste (p < 0.01), toothbrush disinfection with bleach (p < 0.01), brush change after PCR + (p < 0.05). The women performed significantly more disinfection with toothbrush bleach (p < 0.01), closing the toilet lid (p < 0.05) and changing the brush after PCR + (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe use of inappropriate measures in the dental environment could contribute to the indirect transmission of COVID-19 between cohabitants.
| S-EPMC7569355 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:This study compared oral health impacts and QoL among patients with different malocclusion types and a normal population by using self-report questionnaires. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, 214 healthy adults were divided into 3 groups: (1) Normal, control group; (2) ORTHO, patients who received orthodontic treatment; and (3) OGS group, patients who received orthognathic surgery (OGS). The timing of measurement were at the initial stage of the orthodontic therapy and before surgery. Two questionnaires and one additional item were used: the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for QoL, the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) for oral health-related QoL (OHRQOL) and one additional item for aesthetic evaluation. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to compare the 3 groups. The effects of 3 malocclusion types, gender, age, and facial asymmetry in the OGS group were also evaluated. RESULTS:The ORTHO and OGS groups had higher negative impacts than did the Normal group in the OHIP-14, but not much difference in the SF-36. The item of aesthetics related to oral health impact was the lowest in the OGS group. The patients in the ORTHO group with a Class II malocclusion were most dissatisfied in the SF-36 and OHIP-14. In the OGS group, the women dissatisfied in the OHIP-14 and the aesthetic. The older patients had higher negative impacts in the OHIP-14 than the younger patients. The patients with facial asymmetry did not suffer higher negative impacts than did the patients with a symmetrical face in the SF-36 and OHIP-14. CONCLUSIONS:The majority of the patients who required orthodontics or OGS reported a higher negative impact in the OHIP-14 compared with the normal controls, but not in the SF-36. Class II malocclusion suffered from highest psychological stress and aesthetic sensitivity than the other two subgroups in the ORTHO group.
| S-EPMC6962747 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is a lack of evidence of the moderating effects of caries lesions and malocclusions on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among older adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of dental caries and malocclusion with OHRQoL among Lithuanian adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. A survey in a representative sample of adolescents included a clinical examination to assess dental health status using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Permanent Teeth) index, and malocclusion using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON). The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) was used to evaluate respondents' OHRQoL. Negative binomial regression was fitted to associate the clinical variables with the CPQ scores. A total of 600 adolescents were examined. The overall mean DMFT score was 2.7. A need for orthodontic treatment was detected among 27.7% of adolescents. Subjects with caries lesions (DMFT > 3) had higher CPQ scores in the domains of functional limitations and social wellbeing (relative risks were 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.67) and 1.30 (1.03-1.64), respectively), while subjects with a need for orthodontic treatment (ICON > 43) had higher CPQ scores in the domains of emotional wellbeing and social wellbeing (relative risks were 1.81 (1.40-2.22), and 1.69 (1.34-2.14), respectively). It was concluded that both dental caries and malocclusion have negative relationships with OHRQoL in adolescents above 15 years, but their effects occur differently in each OHRQoL domain.
| S-EPMC7311969 | biostudies-literature