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Influence of Pyroligneous Acid on Fermentation Parameters, CO₂ Production and Bacterial Communities of Rice Straw and Stylo Silage.

ABSTRACT: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a primary greenhouse gas and the main cause of global warming. Respiration from plant cells and microorganisms enables CO₂ to be produced during ensiling, a method of moist forage preservation applied worldwide. However, limited information is available regarding CO₂ emissions and mitigation during ensiling. Pyroligneous acid, a by-product of plant biomass pyrolysis, has a strong antibacterial capacity. To investigate CO₂ production and the influence of pyroligneous acid, fresh stylo, and rice straw were ensiled with or without 1% or 2% pyroligneous acid. Dynamics of the fermentation characteristics, CO₂ production, and bacterial communities during ensiling were analyzed. Pyroligneous acid increased the lactic acid content and decreased the weight losses, pH, ammonia-N content, butyric acid content, and coliform bacterial numbers (all P < 0.05). It also increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the relative abundances of harmful bacteria such as Enterobacter and Lachnoclostridium. Adding pyrolytic acids reduced the gas production, especially of CO₂. It also increased the relative abundances of CO₂-producing bacterial genera and of genera with the potential for CO₂ fixation. In conclusion, adding pyroligneous acid improved the fermentation quality of the two silages. During ensiling, CO₂ production was correlated with bacterial community alterations. Using pyroligneous acid altered the bacterial community to reduce CO₂ production during ensiling. Given the large production and demand for silage worldwide, application of pyroligneous acid may be an effective method of mitigating global warming via CO₂ emissions.

SUBMITTER: Guo X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8297647 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:To better understand the ensiling characteristics of sorghum stalk, the dynamic changes of fermentation parameters, nutrient components and bacterial community of sorghum stalk silage were analyzed by intermittently sampling on day 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 of ensiling duration. The results showed that high-moisture sorghum stalk was well preserved during ensiling fermentation, with the DM loss of 4.10% and the little difference between the nutrients of sorghum stalk before and after ensiling. The pH value of silage declined to its lowest value of 4.32 by Day 7 of ensiling, and other fermentation parameters kept steady since Day 28 of ensiling. The amplicon sequencing analysis revealed that the alpha diversity parameters of silage bacterial community including Shannon index, observed features, Pielou evenness and Faith PD gradually declined (P < 0.01) with ensiling duration. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that bacterial profiles of raw material would experience a succession becoming a quite different community during ensiling fermentation. Taxonomic classification revealed a total of 10 and 173 bacterial taxa at the phylum and genus level, respectively, as being detected with relative abundances higher than 0.01% and in at least half samples. LEfSe analysis revealed that 26 bacterial taxa were affected by sampling timepoint (P < 0.05 and LDA score > 4). When focusing on the dynamic trend of silage bacterial taxa, lactic acid bacteria successfully dominated in the bacterial community on Day 1 of ensiling, and the bacterial community almost came to a plateau by Day 28 of ensiling, with Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc as the dominant genera. In a word, the succession of fermentation parameters, nutrient components and bacterial community indicate a successful dominance establishment of LAB and a fast advent of fermentation plateau, suggesting that high-moisture sorghum stalk can be ensiled directly, but the pH of mature silage is a little high.

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Influence of Pyroligneous Acid on Fermentation Parameters, CO₂ Production and Bacterial Communities of Rice Straw and Stylo Silage.

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Influence of Pyroligneous Acid on Fermentation Parameters, CO2 Production and Bacterial Communities of Rice Straw and Stylo Silage.

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Influence of Pyroligneous Acid on Fermentation Parameters, CO₂ Production and Bacterial Communities of Rice Straw and Stylo Silage.