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Gut microbial communities associated with phenotypically divergent populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker, 1863).

ABSTRACT: Chilo suppressalis (Walker, 1863) is a serious stem borer of rice and water-oat plants, and has phenotypically diverged into rice and water-oat populations. Insect gut microbiota plays an important role in the host life and understanding the dynamics of this complicated ecosystem may improve its biological control. The effect of diet and gut compartments on the gut microflora of divergent populations of C. suppressalis is not fully clear. Herein, we characterized the gut microbiota of C. suppressalis populations fed on two hosts (i.e., water-oats fruit pulps and rice seedlings), by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Gut bacterial communities showed variation in relative abundance among C. suppressalis populations fed on water-oats fruit pulps or rice seedlings. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes became the predominant phyla, and Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae and Halomonadaceae were the predominant family in all C. suppressalis populations. The highest bacteria diversity was found in the midgut of the rice population fed on water-oat fruit pulps. Bacterial communities in the midgut were more diverse than those in the hindgut. The bacterial genera distribution showed great differences due to diet types and gut compartments among populations. Our results demonstrated that the host plants tested had a considerable impact on gut bacterial composition of C. suppressalis populations. Additionly, the unique gut morphology and physiological conditions (viz., oxygen content, enzymes) also contributed to variation in microbiomes. In conclusion, our study provided an important insight into investigation of insect-bacteria symbioses, and biocontrol of this species and other related lepidopterans.

SUBMITTER: Zhong H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8298391 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is a notorious pest of rice that causes large losses in China. Breeding and screening of resistance rice cultivars are effective strategies for C. suppressalis management. In this study, insect-resistant traits of 47 rice cultivars were investigated by C. suppressalis artificial infestation (AI) both in field and greenhouse experiments, using the susceptible (S) cultivar 1665 as a control. Results suggest that two rice cultivars, namely 1688 and 1654, are resistant (R) and moderately resistant (MR) to C. suppressalis, respectively. Then, a comparative transcriptome (RNA-Seq) was de novo assembled and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with altered expression levels were investigated among cultivars 1688, 1654, and 1665, with or without C. suppressalis infestation for 24 h. A total of 2569 and 1861 genes were up-regulated, and 3852 and 1861 genes were down-regulated in cultivars 1688 and 1654, respectively after artificial infestation with C. suppressalis compared to the non-infested control (CK). For the susceptible cultivar 1665, a total of 882 genes were up-regulated and 3863 genes were down-regulated after artificial infestation with C. suppressalis compared to the CK. Twenty four DEGs belong to proteinase inhibitor, lectin and chitinase gene families; plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction pathways were selected as candidate genes to test their possible role in C. suppressalis resistance. RT-qPCR results revealed that 13 genes were significantly up-regulated and 8 were significantly down-regulated in the resistant cultivar 1688 with C. suppressalis artificial infestation (1688AI) compared to the CK. Three genes, LTPL164, LTPL151, and LOC Os11g32100, showed more than a 10-fold higher expression in 1688AI than in 1688CK, suggesting their potential role in insect resistance. Overall, our results provide an important foundation for further understanding the insect resistance mechanisms of selected resistant varieties that will help us to breed C. suppressalis resistant rice varieties.

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Gut microbial communities associated with phenotypically divergent populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker, 1863).

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