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Day-Night Variations in the Concentration of Neurotransmitters in the Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to analyze the light-dark variations in the concentrations of several neurotransmitters in the lumbar spinal cord of rats. Six groups of male Wistar rats were exposed to a 12 h light-12 h dark cycle for 70 days. At different time points of the experimental day (8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 4 h), one of the groups of rats was randomly selected to be sacrificed, and the spinal cords were removed. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (GLU), dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) levels in each extracted spinal cord were measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-EQ and HPLC-fluorescence systems. Our results indicate that the spinal concentrations of GABA and GLU showed sinusoidal variation in a 24 h cycle, with the highest peak in the dark period (~20 h). Dopamine and serotonin also fluctuated in concentration but peaked in the light period (between 8 and 12 h), while E and NE concentrations showed no significant fluctuations. The possible relationship between neurotransmitter spinal concentration and sensitivity to pain and locomotor activity is discussed. It was concluded that most of the neurotransmitter levels in the lumbar spinal cord showed circadian fluctuations coupled to a light-dark cycle.

SUBMITTER: Jimenez-Zarate BS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8300578 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The cerebellum harbors a circadian clock that can be shifted by scheduled mealtime and participates in behavioral anticipation of food access. Large-scale two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with mass spectrometry was used to identify day-night variations in the cerebellar proteome of mice fed either during daytime or nighttime. Experimental conditions led to modified expression of 89 cerebellar proteins contained in 63 protein spots. Five and 33 spots were changed respectively by time-of-day or feeding conditions. Strikingly, several proteins of the heat-shock protein family (i.e., Hsp90aa1, 90ab1, 90b1, and Hspa2, 4, 5, 8, 9) were down-regulated in the cerebellum of daytime food-restricted mice. This was also the case for brain fatty acid protein (Fabp7) and enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (Ndufs1) or folate metabolism (Aldh1l1). In contrast, aldolase C (Aldoc or zebrin II) and pyruvate carboxylase (Pc), two enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and vesicle-fusing ATPase (Nsf) were up-regulated during daytime restricted feeding, possibly reflecting increased neuronal activity. Significant feeding × time-of-day interactions were found for changes in the intensity of 20 spots. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha (Gnao1) was more expressed in the cerebellum before food access. Neuronal calcium-sensor proteins [i.e., parvalbumin (Pvalb) and visinin-like protein 1 (Vsnl1)] were inversely regulated in daytime food-restricted mice, compared to control mice fed at night. Furthermore, expression of three enzymes modulating the circadian clockwork, namely heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (Hnrnpk), serine/threonine-protein phosphatases 1 (Ppp1cc and Ppp1cb subunits) and 5 (Ppp5), was differentially altered by daytime restricted feeding. Besides cerebellar proteins affected only by feeding conditions or daily cues, specific changes in in protein abundance before food access may be related to behavioral anticipation of food access and/or feeding-induced shift of the cerebellar clockwork.

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Day-Night Variations in the Concentration of Neurotransmitters in the Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord.

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