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Heterogeneity-stabilized homogeneous states in driven media.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the relationship between symmetry breaking, system properties, and instabilities has been a problem of longstanding scientific interest. Symmetry-breaking instabilities underlie the formation of important patterns in driven systems, but there are many instances in which such instabilities are undesirable. Using parametric resonance as a model process, here we show that a range of states that would be destabilized by symmetry-breaking instabilities can be preserved and stabilized by the introduction of suitable system asymmetry. Because symmetric states are spatially homogeneous and asymmetric systems are spatially heterogeneous, we refer to this effect as heterogeneity-stabilized homogeneity. We illustrate this effect theoretically using driven pendulum array models and demonstrate it experimentally using Faraday wave instabilities. Our results have potential implications for the mitigation of instabilities in engineered systems and the emergence of homogeneous states in natural systems with inherent heterogeneities.

SUBMITTER: Nicolaou ZG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8302733 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heterogeneity-stabilized homogeneous states in driven media.

Nicolaou Zachary G ZG Case Daniel J DJ Wee Ernest B van der EBV Driscoll Michelle M MM Motter Adilson E AE

Nature communications 20210723 1

Understanding the relationship between symmetry breaking, system properties, and instabilities has been a problem of longstanding scientific interest. Symmetry-breaking instabilities underlie the formation of important patterns in driven systems, but there are many instances in which such instabilities are undesirable. Using parametric resonance as a model process, here we show that a range of states that would be destabilized by symmetry-breaking instabilities can be preserved and stabilized by ...[more]

PMID: 34301925

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Project description:BackgroundBipolar Disorder (BD) is a complex disease. It is heterogeneous, both at the phenotypic and genetic level, although the extent and impact of this heterogeneity is not fully understood. One way to assess this heterogeneity is to look for patterns in the subphenotype data. Because of the variability in how phenotypic data was collected by the various BD studies over the years, homogenizing this subphenotypic data is a challenging task, and so is replication. An alternative methodology, taken here, is to set aside the intricacies of subphenotype and allow the genetic data itself to determine which subjects define a homogeneous genetic subgroup (termed 'bicluster' below).ResultsIn this paper, we leverage recent advances in heterogeneity analysis to look for genetically-driven subgroups (i.e., biclusters) within the broad phenotype of Bipolar Disorder. We first apply this covariate-corrected biclustering algorithm to a cohort of 2524 BD cases and 4106 controls from the Bipolar Disease Research Network (BDRN) within the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). We find evidence of genetic heterogeneity delineating a statistically significant bicluster comprising a subset of BD cases which exhibits a disease-specific pattern of differential-expression across a subset of SNPs. This disease-specific genetic pattern (i.e., 'genetic subgroup') replicates across the remaining data-sets collected by the PGC containing 5781/8289, 3581/7591, and 6825/9752 cases/controls, respectively. This genetic subgroup (discovered without using any BD subtype information) was more prevalent in Bipolar type-I than in Bipolar type-II.ConclusionsOur methodology has successfully identified a replicable homogeneous genetic subgroup of bipolar disorder. This subgroup may represent a collection of correlated genetic risk-factors for BDI. By investigating the subgroup's bicluster-informed polygenic-risk-scoring (PRS), we find that the disease-specific pattern highlighted by the bicluster can be leveraged to eliminate noise from our GWAS analyses and improve risk prediction. This improvement is particularly notable when using only a relatively small subset of the available SNPs, implying improved SNP replication. Though our primary focus is only the analysis of disease-related signal, we also identify replicable control-related heterogeneity.

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Heterogeneity-stabilized homogeneous states in driven media.

Publications

Heterogeneity-stabilized homogeneous states in driven media.

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