Dataset Information

Exogenous Brassinosteroid Facilitates Xylem Development in Pinus massoniana Seedlings.

ABSTRACT: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known to be essential regulators for wood formation in herbaceous plants and poplar, but their roles in secondary growth and xylem development are still not well-defined, especially in pines. Here, we treated Pinus massoniana seedlings with different concentrations of exogenous BRs, and assayed the effects on plant growth, xylem development, endogenous phytohormone contents and gene expression within stems. Application of exogenous BR resulted in improving development of xylem more than phloem, and promoting xylem development in a dosage-dependent manner in a certain concentration rage. Endogenous hormone determination showed that BR may interact with other phytohormones in regulating xylem development. RNA-seq analysis revealed that some conventional phenylpropanoid biosynthesis- or lignin synthesis-related genes were downregulated, but the lignin content was elevated, suggesting that new lignin synthesis pathways or other cell wall components should be activated by BR treatment in P. massoniana. The results presented here reveal the foundational role of BRs in regulating plant secondary growth, and provide the basis for understanding molecular mechanisms of xylem development in P. massoniana.

SUBMITTER: Fan F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8303313 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exogenous Brassinosteroid Facilitates Xylem Development in <i>Pinus massoniana</i> Seedlings.

Fan Fuhua F Zhou Zijing Z Qin Huijuan H Tan Jianhui J Ding Guijie G

International journal of molecular sciences 20210716 14

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known to be essential regulators for wood formation in herbaceous plants and poplar, but their roles in secondary growth and xylem development are still not well-defined, especially in pines. Here, we treated <i>Pinus massoniana</i> seedlings with different concentrations of exogenous BRs, and assayed the effects on plant growth, xylem development, endogenous phytohormone contents and gene expression within stems. Application of exogenous BR resulted in improving devel ...[more]

PMID: 34299234

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Project description:The phenotyping of Pinus massoniana seedlings is essential for breeding, vegetation protection, resource investigation, and so on. Few reports regarding estimating phenotypic parameters accurately in the seeding stage of Pinus massoniana plants using 3D point clouds exist. In this study, seedlings with heights of approximately 15-30 cm were taken as the research object, and an improved approach was proposed to automatically calculate five key parameters. The key procedure of our proposed method includes point cloud preprocessing, stem and leaf segmentation, and morphological trait extraction steps. In the skeletonization step, the cloud points were sliced in vertical and horizontal directions, gray value clustering was performed, the centroid of the slice was regarded as the skeleton point, and the alternative skeleton point of the main stem was determined by the DAG single source shortest path algorithm. Then, the skeleton points of the canopy in the alternative skeleton point were removed, and the skeleton point of the main stem was obtained. Last, the main stem skeleton point after linear interpolation was restored, while stem and leaf segmentation was achieved. Because of the leaf morphological characteristics of Pinus massoniana, its leaves are large and dense. Even using a high-precision industrial digital readout, it is impossible to obtain a 3D model of Pinus massoniana leaves. In this study, an improved algorithm based on density and projection is proposed to estimate the relevant parameters of Pinus massoniana leaves. Finally, five important phenotypic parameters, namely plant height, stem diameter, main stem length, regional leaf length, and total leaf number, are obtained from the skeleton and the point cloud after separation and reconstruction. The experimental results showed that there was a high correlation between the actual value from manual measurement and the predicted value from the algorithm output. The accuracies of the main stem diameter, main stem length, and leaf length were 93.5%, 95.7%, and 83.8%, respectively, which meet the requirements of real applications.

Project description:The natural regeneration of seedlings is a key factor for forest succession. Nevertheless, studies explaining the mechanism of growth and biomass allocation in regenerated seedlings after disturbance are lacking. Therefore, we measured the growth, biomass accumulation, and biomass allocation in current-age seedlings of Pinus massoniana after selective logging (logging of competitive trees, LCT; logging of inferior trees, LIT; and unlogged control, CK), and established structural equation models (SEMs) among the spatial structure characteristic indexes of the stand, environmental factors, and biomass allocation in different organs. As compared to the CK, the mingling index (M), uniform angle index (W), opening degree (O), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (SAN), available phosphorus (SAP), available potassium (SAK), and bulk density (SBD) significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the competition index (CI) and neighborhood comparison (U) significantly decreased after logging (p < 0.05). After the LCT, seedling branch biomass improved, with an increase in the ground-diameter, crown-root ratio, and seedling quality index. More biomass was allocated to foliage and roots by an increase in the height and height-diameter ratio under the LIT. In the CK, increasing stem biomass helped the seedlings absorb and utilize more light. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that biomass allocation to organs was independent, and seedlings adopted the strategies of heterogeneous adaptation and growth, thereby resulting in the separation of the allocation patterns among the organs. As per the redundancy analysis (RDA), CI was the main factor in biomass allocation. Environmental factors had direct effects on biomass allocation to organs, while the stand spatial structure characteristic indexes had indirect effects on biomass allocation based on SEMs. In summary, the LCT had significant, albeit indirect, effects on SOC, SAN, and SBD by reducing the CI for the regeneration and growth of seedlings in the stand, which was of great significance to the sustainable development of the forest stand of P. massoniana.

Dataset Information

Exogenous Brassinosteroid Facilitates Xylem Development in Pinus massoniana Seedlings.

Publications

Exogenous Brassinosteroid Facilitates Xylem Development in <i>Pinus massoniana</i> Seedlings.

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