Seizures Related to Influenza in Pediatric Patients: A Comparison with Seizures Associated with Other Respiratory Viral Infections.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Han JY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8303985 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundViral infections of the upper respiratory tract are one of the most common causes of febrile seizures (FSs). During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mitigation measures have contributed to changes in the incidence of respiratory viral infections. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of respiratory viral infections and clinical characteristics of FSs.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 988 episodes of FS (865 before the pandemic and 123 during the pandemic) between March 2016 and February 2022. Seizure characteristics and their outcomes, along with the distribution of identified respiratory viruses were compared before and during the pandemic.ResultsThe occurrence of FSs decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to that before the pandemic. A substantial reduction in the incidence of influenza virus infections was observed (P<0.001) during the pandemic, while the incidence of rhinovirus infection was not significantly changed (P=0.811). Interestingly, a significantly high incidence of parainfluenza virus (P=0.001) infections was observed during the pandemic. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed in the clinical presentation and outcomes of FSs before and during the pandemic.ConclusionsDespite epidemiological changes in respiratory viral infections, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of FSs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were comparable.
| S-EPMC10167401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To determined the pathogen-specific incidence of respiratory virus infection in Hutterite communities occurring over the 2008-2009 influenza season and assess temporal characteristics of respiratory illness related to infection.3273 participants community members enrolled in a cluster randomized trial of influenza vaccine were studied.One hundred forty-nine participants had laboratory-confirmed influenza, and 595 had at least one episode of laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection other than influenza. Entero/rhinovirus had the highest incidence among children<5 years.A decline in the incidence of infections with age was observed for influenza as well as for most other respiratory viruses.
| S-EPMC4634280 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundChildren with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can experience neurological symptoms, but limited data are available on neurological symptoms associated with other respiratory infections. We compared proportions of neurological symptoms in children hospitalized with seizures and respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and endemic coronaviruses.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on children admitted for seizures who had positive respiratory polymerase chain reactions for SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus NL63, coronavirus OC34, influenza (A and B), adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or parainfluenza 3 or 4. Primary outcomes were rates of new neurological diagnoses and mortality.ResultsA total of 883 children were included. Mortality rates ranged from 0% with M. pneumoniae to 4.9% with parainfluenza 4. Strokes were observed with all infections except for coronavirus OC43 and M. pneumoniae, with the highest rates in parainfluenza 4 (4.9%) and SARS-CoV-2 (5.9%). Compared with other infections, children with SARS-CoV-2 were older, had higher rates of stroke, and lower rates of intubation. The most common brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormality was diffusion restriction. Abnormal MRI rates were lower in SARS-CoV-2, compared with patients with other coronavirus (OC). However, rates of stroke, encephalopathy, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and meningoencephalitis were similar between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza cohorts.ConclusionsIn children hospitalized with seizures, higher rates of stroke were observed in SARS-CoV-2 versus OC. Similar rates of neurological symptoms were observed in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and those with influenza. Strokes can occur in children with these viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2.
| S-EPMC9338832 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Biomarkers are needed for early identification of patients at risk of severe complications from influenza infection, including prolonged respiratory failure and death. Eicosanoids are bioactive lipid mediators with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties produced in response to infection. This study assessed the relationships between the host bioactive lipid response, influenza viral load, and clinical outcomes. Methods:Influenza-positive, intubated children ?18 years old were enrolled across 26 US pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Mass spectrometry was used to measure >100 lipid metabolites in endotracheal and nasopharyngeal samples. Influenza viral load was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:Age and bacterial co-infection were associated with multiple bioactive lipids (P?<?.05). Influenza viral load was lower in patients with bacterial co-infection compared with those without, and pro-inflammatory bioactive lipids positively correlated with viral load in bacterially co-infected children (P?<?.05). Lipids associated with disease resolution correlated with viral load in patients without bacterial co-infection (P?<?.01). After adjusting for age and bacterial co-infection status, elevated pro- and anti-inflammatory lipids measured early in the intensive care unit course were associated with higher mortality, whereas influenza viral load and endotracheal cytokine levels were not associated with clinical outcomes. Prostaglandin E2, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid measured within 72 hours of PICU admission predicted death or prolonged (?28 days) mechanical ventilator support (area under the curve, 0.72-0.79; P?<?.02) not explained by admission illness severity. Conclusions:Children with influenza-related complications have early bioactive lipid responses that may reflect lung disease severity. Respiratory bioactive lipids are candidate prognostic biomarkers to identify children with the most severe clinical outcomes.
| S-EPMC7216777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of the study was to assess the patterns of global gene expression in peripheral blood cells and uncover the complex dynamics of host response to ARIs such as pandemic H1N1. To understand the molecular bases and network orchestration of host responses, we prospectively enrolled 1610 healthy adults in the fall of 2009 and 2010, followed the subjects with influenza-like illness (N=133) for 3 weeks, and examined changes in their peripheral blood gene expression. We discovered distinct phases of the host response spanning 6 days after infection, and identified genes that differentiate influenza from non-influenza virus infection. We examined pre- and post-infection anti-influenza antibody titers defining novel gene expression correlates. Healthy adults were invited to enroll to be followed for acute respiratory illness (ARI) through two consecutive influenza seasons 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. After subjects provided consent, baseline blood specimens were obtained during enrollment. Subjects were given thermometers and instructions to call and report for evaluation within 48 hours of ARI onset. Those persons who had a new ARI were seen within 48 hours of onset (day 0) and 2, 4, and 6 days later for repeat evaluation, blood specimen collections, and medical care (including the antiviral zanamivir if indicated) and 21 days later for collection of convalescent specimens. Nasal wash samples were collected for virus detection by RT-PCR on day 0 and day 2. Surveillance for influenza was terminated after 5.5 months; all subjects were asked to return for specimen collection and to provide a medical and ARI history in spring of next year. Serum specimens obtained at baseline, day 0 and day 21 visits for illnesses, and the terminal visit were tested simultaneously using hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody assay for Influenza H1N1, H3N2, and Influenza B strains. Peripheral blood RNA (PaxGene) obtained from blood specimens at each visit were analyzed using Illumina Human HT-12 v4. The study was repeated 2010-2011. A total of 880 arrays, corresponding to 133 individuals, passed quality control and are included in this data set.
2015-04-28 | E-GEOD-68310 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BackgroundRespiratory viruses, air pollutants, and aeroallergens are all implicated in worsening pediatric asthma symptoms, but their relative contributions to asthma exacerbations are poorly understood. A significant decrease in asthma exacerbations has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a unique opportunity to study how major asthma triggers correlate with asthma activity.ObjectiveTo determine whether changes in respiratory viruses, air pollutants, and/or aeroallergens during the COVID-19 pandemic were concomitant with decreased asthma exacerbations.MethodsHealth care utilization and respiratory viral testing data between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2020 were extracted from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Care Network's electronic health record. Air pollution and allergen data were extracted from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency public databases and a National Allergy Bureau-certified station, respectively. Pandemic data (2020) were compared to historical data.ResultsRecovery of in-person asthma encounters during phased re-opening (June 6th - November 15th, 2020) was uneven: primary care well and specialty encounters reached 94% and 74% of pre-pandemic levels, respectively, while primary care sick and hospital encounters reached 21% and 40% of pre-pandemic levels, respectively. During the pandemic, influenza A and influenza B decreased to negligible frequency when compared to pre-pandemic cases, while RSV and rhinovirus infections decreased to low (though non-negligible) pre-pandemic levels, as well. No changes in air pollution or aeroallergen levels relative to historical observations were noted.ConclusionsOur results suggest that viral respiratory infections are a primary driver of pediatric asthma exacerbations. These findings have broad relevance to both clinical practice and the development of health policies aimed at reducing asthma morbidity.
| S-EPMC8590625 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Molecular analysis of respiratory viruses and the host response to both infection and vaccination have transformed our understanding of these ubiquitous pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral infections has led to a better understanding of the epidemiology and impact of many common respiratory viruses and resulted in better patient care. Over the past decade a number of new respiratory viruses including human metapneumovirus and new coronaviruses have been discovered using molecular techniques such as random primer amplification, pan-viral array and next generation sequencing. Analysis of the host transcriptional response during respiratory viral infection using in-vitro, animal models and natural and experimental human challenge have furthered the understanding of the mechanisms and predictors of severe disease and may identify potential therapeutic targets to prevent and ameliorate illness.
| S-EPMC7149961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of bandemia in confirmed respiratory viral infections in febrile infants and children presenting to the emergency department. Methods: An observational retrospective study from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2016, was conducted in patients between the ages of ≥ 1 month and ≤ 5 years presenting to the emergency room with fever and who had a complete blood cell count performed. Patients were separated into seven groups based on the type of respiratory viral infection. Inclusion criteria strictly counted children with viral infections and absence of clinical and laboratory evidence of a bacterial coinfection. Results: A total of 419 patients had a documented viral infection. A significant proportion of these children were found to have bandemia; children with adenovirus (17%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (14.9%), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (13%), and parainfluenza virus (7.9%) had the highest prevalence when the cutoff for bandemia was set at 10%. The prevalence increased to 35.3, 30.9, 40.3, and 15.8% for adenovirus, RSV, hMPV, and parainfluenza virus, respectively, when this cutoff was lowered further to 5%. Conclusion: Band neutrophils are detected frequently in confirmed respiratory viral infections particularly during early stages.
| S-EPMC7816918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nucleic acid tests are sensitive and specific and provide a rapid diagnosis, making them invaluable for patient and outbreak management. Multiplex PCR assays have additional advantages in providing an economical and comprehensive panel for many common respiratory viruses. Previous reports have shown the utility of the xTAG respiratory viral panel (RVP) assay manufactured by Luminex Molecular Diagnostics for this purpose. A newer generation of this kit, released in Canada in early 2010, is designed to simplify the procedure and reduce the turnaround time by about 24 h. The assay methodology and targets included in this version of the kit are different; consequently, the objective of this study was to compare the detection of a panel of respiratory viral targets using the older Luminex xTAG RVP (RVP Classic) assay with that using the newer xTAG RVP Fast assay. This study included 334 respiratory specimens that had been characterized for a variety of respiratory viral targets; all samples were tested by both versions of the RVP assay in parallel. Overall, the RVP Classic assay was more sensitive than the RVP Fast assay (88.6% and 77.5% sensitivities, respectively) for all the viral targets combined. Targets not detected by the RVP Fast assay included primarily influenza B virus, parainfluenza virus type 2, and human coronavirus 229E. A small number of samples positive for influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus B, human metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza virus type 1 were not detected by the RVP Classic assay and in general had low viral loads.
| S-EPMC3122679 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAcute respiratory tract infections are commonly caused by viruses in children. The differences in clinical data and outcome between single and multiple viral infections in hospitalized children were analyzed.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of hospitalized children who had fever and a xTAG Respiratory Virus Panel (RVP) test over a 2-year period. The clinical data were analyzed and compared between single and multiple viral infections. Viral etiologies in upper and lower respiratory infections were analyzed and compared.ResultsA total of 442 patients were enrolled. Patients with positive viral detection (N = 311) had a significantly lower rate of leukocytosis (p = 0.03), less evidence of bacterial infection (p = 0.004), and shorter duration of hospitalization (p = 0.019) than those with negative viral detection. The age of patients with multiple viral infections was younger than those with single viral infection; however, there were no significant differences in duration of fever, antibiotics treatment and hospitalization between these two groups. The most commonly identified virus was human rhinovirus. About 27% (n = 83) of patients had multiple viral infections. Overall, the highest percentage of human bocavirus infection was detected in multiple viral infections (79%). Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) was independently associated with multiple viral infections (p = 0.022), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection (p = 0.001) and longer hospitalization duration (p = 0.011).ConclusionMultiple viral infections were associated with younger age and a higher risk of developing LRTI. However, multiple viral infections did not predict a worse disease outcome. More studies are needed to unveil the interplay between the hosts and different viruses in multiple viral infections.
| S-EPMC7105047 | biostudies-literature