Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Features and MCF-7.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Garroni G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8307920 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Osteoarthritis is characterized by loss of articular cartilage also due to reduced chondrogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from patients. Adipose tissue is an attractive source of MSCs (ATD-MSCs), representing an effective tool for reparative medicine, particularly for treatment of osteoarthritis, due to their chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation capability. The treatment of symptomatic knee arthritis with ATD-MSCs proved effective with a single infusion, but multiple infusions could be also more efficacious. Here we studied some crucial aspects of adipose tissue banking procedures, evaluating ATD-MSCs viability, and differentiation capability after cryopreservation, to guarantee the quality of the tissue for multiple infusions. We reported that the presence of local anesthetic during lipoaspiration negatively affects cell viability of cryopreserved adipose tissue and cell growth of ATD-MSCs in culture. We observed that DMSO guarantees a faster growth of ATD-MSCs in culture than trehalose. At last, ATD-MSCs derived from fresh and cryopreserved samples at -80°C and -196°C showed viability and differentiation ability comparable to fresh samples. These data indicate that cryopreservation of adipose tissue at -80°C and -196°C is equivalent and preserves the content of ATD-MSCs in Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF), guaranteeing the differentiation ability of ATD-MSCs.
| S-EPMC5153503 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The use of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) has gained attention due to its potential to expedite healing and the ease of harvesting; however, clinical evidence is limited, and questions concerning optimal method of delivery and long-term outcomes remain unanswered. RECENT FINDINGS:Administration of ADSCs in animal models has been reported to aid in improved healing benefits with enhanced repair biomechanics, superior gross histological appearance of injury sites, and higher concentrations of growth factors associated with healing compared to controls. Recently, an increasing body of research has sought to examine the effects of ADSCs in humans. Several available processing techniques and formulations for ADSCs exist with evidence to suggest benefits with the use of ADSCs, but the superiority of any one method is not clear. Evidence from the most recent clinical studies available demonstrates promising outcomes following treatment of select musculoskeletal pathologies with ADSCs despite reporting variability among ADSCs harvesting and processing; these include (1) healing benefits and pain improvement for rotator cuff and Achilles tendinopathies, (2) improvements in pain and function in those with knee and hip osteoarthritis, and (3) improved cartilage regeneration for osteochondral focal defects of the knee and talus. The limitation to most of this literature is the use of other therapeutic biologics in combination with ADSCs. Additionally, many studies lack control groups, making establishment of causation inappropriate. It is imperative to perform higher-quality studies using consistent, predictable control populations and to standardize formulations of ADSCs in these trials.
| S-EPMC7250999 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The adipose tissue represents an accessible, abundant, and replenishable source of adult stem cells for potential applications in regenerative medicine. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) resemble bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with respect to morphology, immune-phenotype, and multiple differentiation capability. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of AT-MSC-based liver gene delivery for the treatment of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.Mouse AT-MSCs were transduced by rAAV vectors and transplanted into the mouse liver.We showed that AT-MSCs can be transduced by recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 1 (rAAV1-CB-hAAT). After transplanting to the mouse liver, ex vivo transduced AT-MSCs expressed the transgene product, human alpha 1-antitrypsin (hAAT). Importantly, serum levels of hAAT were sustained and no anti-hAAT antibody was detected in any recipients.These results demonstrated that AT-MSCs can be transduced by rAAV vectors, engrafted into recipient livers, contribute to liver regeneration, and serve as a platform for transgene expression without eliciting an immune response. AT-MSC-based gene therapy presents a novel approach for the treatment of liver diseases, such as AAT deficiency.
| S-EPMC3079008 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The treatment of mild to moderate osteoarthritis can be a challenging problem for orthopaedic surgeons. As new research and treatment strategies have emerged, stem cell therapy has risen in popularity for the management of degenerative joint conditions. In this article, we describe a stepwise technical approach with tips and pearls to performing adipose-derived stem cell transplantation for degenerative joint disease of the knee.
| S-EPMC5795060 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionSalivary gland (SG) damage is commonly caused by aging, irradiation, and some medications, and currently, no damage modifying agent is available. However, cell therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a therapeutic modality for irradiated SGs. Therefore, we administered cell-derived vesicles (CDVs) of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) to irradiated SG cells to investigate their radioprotective effects in vitro.MethodsThe artificial CDVs were obtained from ADMSC by tangential flow filtration (TFF) purification and ultracentrifugation. Cultured human SG epithelial cells were exposed to 2, 5 or 15 Gy of 4 MV X-rays produced by a linear accelerator. The effects of ADMSC-CDVs on SG epithelial cells damaged by irradiation were tested by proliferation activity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and amylase activity.ResultsExposure to penetrating radiation inhibited the proliferation of SG epithelial cells, but the radiation intensity required to reduce the proliferation of human submandibular gland epithelial cells (hSMGECs) was greater than required for other SG cells. ADMSC-CDVs restored the proliferative ability of SG epithelial cells reduced by irradiation, and the proliferation capacities of irradiated human parotid gland epithelial cells (hPGECs) and human sublingual gland epithelial cells (hSLGECs) were increased by administering ADMSC-CDVs to non-irradiated SG epithelial cells. Furthermore, amylase activity in irradiated hPGECs, hSMGECs, and hSLGECs was lower than in non-irradiated controls. However, amylase ability was restored in all by ADMSC-CDV treatment. Also, TEER was diminished by irradiation in hPGECs, hSMGECs, and hSLGECs and restored by ADMSC-CDV administration.ConclusionOverall, our findings demonstrate that ADMSC-CDVs have potent radioprotective effects on irradiated SG cells.
| S-EPMC9587124 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Breast cancer represents the main malignancy in women and autologous fat grafting is a diffuse procedure in the management of post-surgical breast defects causing patients' psychosocial problems, with high costs for the public health. Recently, beneficial effects of fat grafting during post-surgical breast reconstruction have been amplified from the enrichment with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) present in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adult adipose tissue isolated during intraoperatory procedures. The major concern about the ASC enrichment during post-surgery breast reconstruction depends on their potential ability to release growth factors and hormones that can promote proliferation of residual or quiescent cancer cells, with the risk of de novo cancer development or recurrence. The recent description that adult stem cells primed in vitro may be vehicle for anti-cancer drug delivery offers a new vision concerning the role of ASCs in breast reconstruction after cancer surgery. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent acting as a microtubule-stabilizing drug inhibiting cancer cell mitotic activity. We optimized PTX loading and release in cultured ASCs and then analyzed the effects of PTX-loaded ASCs and their conditioned medium on CG5 breast cancer survival, proliferation and apoptosis in vitro, and inCG5 xenograft in vivo. We documented that ASCs can uptake and release PTX in vitro, with slight cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, PTX-loaded ASCs in co-culture, as well as conditioned medium alone, inhibited CG5 cell proliferation and survival in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The antitumor effect of PTX-loaded ASCs may offer a new perspective concerning the use of ASCs during breast reconstruction becoming an additional local preventive chemotherapeutic agent against tumor recurrence. However, further experiments in vitro and in vivo are needed to collect more evidence confirming the efficacy and safety in cancer patients.
| S-EPMC6128546 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Retinal disease treatment by stem cell-based replacement relies on stem cell differentiation into retinal cells. We previously demonstrated that human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells can be directed into retinal lineage upon induction. Here, we report the transdifferentiation potential of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into retinal lineage and its enhancement by Notch signaling modulation. Human ASCs, isolated from abdominal fat, expressed mesenchymal but not hematopoietic stem cell markers, and they can differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts in vitro. Upon noggin/Dkk-1/IGF-1 induction, the treated ASCs showed elevated expression of retinal progenitor, retinal ganglion, and photoreceptor cell markers as well as the glutamate-evoked calcium response, which was not observed in the noninduced cells. Compared to the regular induction treatment, Notch signaling activation by JAG1 enhanced the expression of retinal progenitor and precursor markers without affecting the glutamate-evoked calcium response. In contrast, Notch signaling inhibition by DAPT showed more retinal ganglion cells, but delayed the response to glutamate stimulation. In summary, our results revealed that human ASCs possess a retinal transdifferentiation potential upon noggin/Dkk-1/IGF-1 induction, which can further be enhanced by Notch signaling activation.
| S-EPMC6206515 | biostudies-other
Project description:Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) secrete many cytokines, proteins, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles with beneficial outcomes that can be used in regenerative medicine. It has great potential, and the development of new treatment strategies using the ASCs secretome is of global interest. Besides cytokines, proteins, and growth factors, the therapeutic effect of secretome is hidden in non-coding RNAs such as miR-21, miR-24, and miR-26 carried via exosomes secreted by adequate cells. The whole secretome, including ASC-derived exosomes (ASC-exos) has been proven in many studies to have immunomodulatory, proangiogenic, neurotrophic, and epithelization activity and can potentially be used for neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, respiratory, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases as well as wound healing treatment. Due to limitations in the use of stem cells in cell-based therapy, its secretome with emphasis on exosomes seems to be a reasonable and safer alternative with increased effectiveness and fewer side effects. Moreover, the great advantage of cell-free therapy is the possibility of biobanking the ASCs secretome. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge on the use of the ASCs secretome in stem cell-free therapy.
| S-EPMC8231996 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction:Owing to their similarity with humans, rabbits are useful for multiple applications in biotechnology and translational research from basic to preclinical studies. In this sense, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their therapeutic potential and promising future in regenerative medicine. As many studies have been using rabbit adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) as a model of human ASCs (hASCs), it is fundamental to compare their characteristics and understand how distinct features could affect the translation to human medicine. Objective:The aim of this study was to comparatively characterize rabbit ASCs (rASCs) and hASCs to further uses in biotechnology and translational studies. Materials and methods:rASCs and hASCs were isolated and characterized by their immunophenotype, differentiation potential, proliferative profile, and nuclear stability in vitro. Results and discussion:Both ASCs presented differentiation potential to osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes and shared similar immunophenotype expression to CD105+, CD34-, and CD45-, but rabbit cells expressed significantly lower CD73 and CD90 than human cells. In addition, rASCs presented greater clonogenic potential and proliferation rate than hASCs but no difference in nuclear alterations. Conclusion:The distinct features of rASCs and hASCs can positively or negatively affect their use for different applications in biotechnology (such as cell reprogramming) and translational studies (such as cell transplantation, tissue engineering, and pharmacokinetics). Nevertheless, the particularities between rabbit and human MSCs should not prevent rabbit use in preclinical models, but care should be taken to interpret results and properly translate animal findings to medicine.
| S-EPMC6204872 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesPrevious studies have shown that adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) share the potency of typical bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, there is little information concerning characteristics of canine AMSCs (CAMSCs); it has not previously been made clear whether CAMSCs would be able to differentiate into other cell types.Materials and methodsIn this study, typical AMSC lines were established, and their characteristics including morphology, typical markers and differentiation potentiality were tested.ResultsThe cells exhibited typical MSC morphology and were positive for CD90, CD44 and CD166, considered to be MSCs surface markers. They were negative for CD34 and CD45. The CAMSCs also exhibited embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers, including Oct4 and Sox2, at passage 2. In an appropriate microenvironment, CAMSCs differentiated into EBs and were able to produce cells of the three germ layers. These results indicate that established cells were putative adipocyte-derived MSCs, which also displayed properties of ESCs. Moreover, when the CAMSCs were induced by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), they differentiated into PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) and male germ-like cells, which were positive for PR domain-containing 1 (Prdm1), PR domain-containing 14 (Prdm14), doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor (Dmrt1), as well as for promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (Plzf). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis verified higher expression levels of these markers.ConclusionThis study provides an efficient approach to study germ cell development using CAMSCs.
| S-EPMC6496567 | biostudies-literature