Novel Mutation in CRYBB3 Causing Pediatric Cataract and Microphthalmia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zin OA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8308043 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:PurposeThe aim of the study was to characterize the underlying mutation in a consanguineous family having cataracts.MethodsFamily D having congenital cataracts was treated at the University Eye Clinics at Giessen (Germany). Lens material from surgeries was collected, immediately frozen at -80 degrees C, and used for cDNA production. Blood was taken from the proband and available family members. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA fragments were characterized by sequencing and restriction digestion.ResultsThe proband, AD, has a dense, triangular nuclear cataract. The parents are consanguineous, and the mother and grandmother suffer from a discrete, symmetric opacity of the fetal lens nucleus. The proband's lens cDNA showed a homozygous insertion of one G after position 776 of the GJA8 gene, leading to a frame shift and 123 novel amino acids. The homozygous mutation was confirmed in the genomic DNA and is also present in the cataract-operated brother of the proband; all other family members investigated were heterozygous. The mutation could not be detected in 96 healthy controls from Germany.ConclusionsThe ins776G mutation most likely causes a recessive triangular cataract with variable expressivity of a weak phenotype in heterozygotes.
| S-EPMC2375854 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE: We isolated an autosomal semi-dominant cataract from our inbred SHR/OlaIpcv rat colony. Heterozygotes express pulverulent cataract with smaller eyes; homozygotes express marked microphthalmia with hypoplastic lens. We call this mutation Dca (for dominant cataract). In this study, we focus on the identification of the responsible gene. METHODS: We performed linkage mapping using 93 F2(SHR-Dca x PD) hybrids and a panel of microsatellite markers. In a separate group of animals with a SHR genetic background, we examined the lenses histologically using Epon semi-thin sections and toluidine blue staining. We also assessed the weight of the eyes as an immediate measure for microphthalmia. RESULTS: We mapped the Dca gene to chromosome 2, spanning 8.6 Mbp between markers D2Rat134 and D2Rat186. By sequencing the most plausible candidate gene, Gja8 (coding for connexin 50), we found a T to A transversion at codon 7, leading to a substitution of glutamine for leucin (L7Q). L7Q lies within the NH(2)-terminal cytosolic domain, presumably involved in voltage gating. Histology revealed disturbances in cell to cell contacts in the lens. CONCLUSIONS: L7Q is a novel mutation in connexin 50 (Gja8), causing semi-dominant pulverulent cataracts. Dca rats can serve as a model for cataract development. A study on the properties of the mutant protein may offer an insight into the connexin channel function.
| S-EPMC2373795 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo examine the mechanism by which a novel connexin 50 (Cx50) mutation, Cx50 V44A, in a Chinese family causes suture-sparing autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataracts.MethodsFamily history and clinical data were recorded and direct gene sequencing was used to identify the disease-causing mutation. The Cx50 gene was cloned from a human lens cDNA library. Connexin protein distributions were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Hemichannel functions were analyzed by dye uptake assay. Formation of functional channels was assessed by dye transfer experiments.ResultsDirect sequencing of the candidate GJA8 gene revealed a novel c.131T>C transition in exon 2, which cosegregated with the disease in the family and resulted in the substitution of a valine residue with alanine at codon 44 (p. V44A) in the extracellular loop 1 of the Cx50 protein. Both Cx50 and Cx50V44A formed functional gap junctions, as shown by the neurobiotin transfer assay. However, unlike wild-type Cx50, Cx50V44A was unable to form open hemichannels in dye uptake experiments.ConclusionThis work identified a unique congenital cataract in the Chinese population, caused by the novel mutation Cx50V44A, and it showed that the V44A mutation specifically impairs the gating of the hemichannels but not the gap junction channels. The dysfunctional hemichannels resulted in the development of human congenital cataracts.
| S-EPMC4269439 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ocular coloboma is a developmental structural defect of the eye that often occurs as complex ocular anomalies. However, its genetic etiology remains largely unexplored. Here we report the identification of mutation (c.331C>T, p.R111C) in the IPO13 gene in a consanguineous family with ocular coloboma, microphthalmia, and cataract by a combination of whole-exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping. IPO13 encodes an importin-B family protein and has been proven to be associated with the pathogenesis of coloboma and microphthalmia. We found that Ipo13 was expressed in the cornea, sclera, lens, and retina in mice. Additionally, the mRNA expression level of Ipo13 decreased significantly in the patient compared with its expression in a healthy individual. Morpholino-oligonucleotide-induced knockdown of ipo13 in zebrafish caused dose-dependent microphthalmia and coloboma, which is highly similar to the ocular phenotypes in the patient. Moreover, both visual motor response and optokinetic response were impaired severely. Notably, these ocular phenotypes in ipo13-deficient zebrafish could be rescued remarkably by full-length ipo13 mRNA, suggesting that the phenotypes observed in zebrafish were due to insufficient ipo13 function. Altogether, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, a new role of IPO13 in eye morphogenesis and that loss of function of IPO13 could lead to ocular coloboma, microphthalmia, and cataract in humans and zebrafish.
| S-EPMC5938035 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE: To identify the underlying genetic defect in a north Indian family with seven members in three-generations affected with bilateral congenital cataract. METHODS: Detailed family history and clinical data were recorded. Linkage analysis using fluorescently labeled microsatellite markers for the already known candidate gene loci was performed in combination with mutation screening by bidirectional sequencing. RESULTS: Affected individuals had bilateral congenital cataract. Cataract was of opalescent type with the central nuclear region denser than the periphery. Linkage was excluded for the known cataract candidate gene loci at 1p34-36, 1q21-25 (gap junction protein, alpha 8 [GJA8]), 2q33-36 (crystallin, gamma A [CRYGA], crystallin, gamma B [CRYGB], crystallin, gamma C [CRYGC], crystallin, gamma D [CRYGD], crystallin, beta A2 [CRYBA2]), 3q21-22 (beaded filament structural protein 2, phakinin [BFSP2]), 12q12-14 (aquaporin 0 [AQP0]), 13q11-13 (gap junction protein, alpha 3 [GJA3]), 15q21-22, 16q22-23 (v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog [MAF], heat shock transcription factor 4 [HSF4]), 17q11-12 (crystallin, beta A1 [CRYBA1]), 17q24, 21q22.3 (crystallin, alpha A [CRYAA]), and 22q11.2 (crystallin, beta B1 [CRYBB1], crystallin, beta B2 [CRYBB2], crystallin, beta B3 [CRYBB3], crystallin, beta A4 [CRYBA4]). Crystallin, alpha B (CRYAB) at chromosome 11q23-24 was excluded by sequence analysis. However, sequencing the candidate gene, crystallin, gamma S (CRYGS), at chromosome 3q26.3-qter showed a heterozygous c.176G-->A change that resulted in the replacement of a structurally highly conserved valine by methionine at codon 42 (p.V42M). This sequence change was not observed in unaffected family members or in the 100 ethnically matched controls. CONCLUSIONS: We report a novel missense mutation, p.V42M, in CRYGS associated with bilateral congenital cataract in a family of Indian origin. This is the third report of a mutation in this exceptional member of the beta-/gamma-crystallin superfamily and further substantiates the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of autosomal dominant cataract.
| S-EPMC2650718 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pediatric cataract is an important cause of blindness and visual impairment in children. A large proportion of pediatric cataracts are inherited, and many genes have been described for this heterogeneous Mendelian disease. Surveys of schools for the blind in Bhutan, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka have identified many children with this condition and we aimed to identify the genetic causes of inherited cataract in these populations. We screened, in parallel, 51 causative genes for inherited cataracts in 33 probands by Ampliseq enrichment and sequencing on an Ion Torrent PGM. Rare novel protein coding variants were assessed for segregation in family members, where possible, by Sanger sequencing. We identified 24 rare (frequency <1% in public databases) or novel protein coding variants in 12 probands and confirmed segregation of variants with disease in the extended family where possible. Of these, six are predicted to be the cause of disease in the patient, with four other variants also highly likely to be pathogenic. This study found that 20%-30% of patients in these countries have a mutation in a known cataract causing gene, which is considerably lower than the 60%-70% reported in Caucasian cohorts. This suggests that additional cataract genes remain to be discovered in this cohort of Asian pediatric cataract patients.
| S-EPMC6081222 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Congenital cataract is the leading cause of blindness in children worldwide. Approximately half of all congenital cataracts have a genetic basis. Protein aggregation is the single most important factor in cataract formation. METHODS:A four-generation Chinese family diagnosed with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts and microphthalmia was recruited at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the participants. All coding exons and flanking regions of seven candidate genes (CRYAA, CRYBA4, CRYBB2, CRYGC, GJA8, MAF, and PITX3) were amplified and sequenced. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were performed to confirm the candidate causative variant, c.35G?>?T in the CRYAA gene. We constructed pcDNA3.1(+)-CRYAA expression plasmids containing either the wild-type or the R12L mutant alleles and respectively transfected them into HEK293T cells and into HeLa cells. Western blotting was performed to determine protein expression levels and protein solubility. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine protein sub-cellular localization. RESULTS:A heterozygous variant c.35G?>?T was identified in exon 1 of CRYAA, which resulted in a substitution of arginine to leucine at codon 12 (p.R12L). The nucleotide substitution c.35G?>?T was co-segregated with the disease phenotype in the family. The mutant R12L-CRYAA in HEK293T cells showed a significant increase in the expression level of the CRYAA protein compared with the wild-type cells. Moreover, a large amount of the mutant protein aggregated in the precipitate where the wild-type protein was not detected. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the overexpressed mutant CRYAA in HeLa cells formed large cytoplasmic aggregates and aggresomes. CONCLUSIONS:In summary, we described a case of human congenital cataract and microphthalmia caused by a novel mutation in the CRYAA gene, which substituted an arginine at position 12 in the N-terminal region of ?A-crystallin. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of human congenital cataract may be characterized by the prominent effects of the p.R12L mutation on ?A-crystallin aggregation and solubility. Our study also expands the spectrum of known CRYAA mutations.
| S-EPMC6194747 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE: To identify the genetic defect associated with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract in a Chinese family. METHODS: Family history and clinical data were recorded. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All the members were genotyped with microsatellite markers at loci considered to be associated with cataracts. Two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) scores were calculated by using the Linkage software after genotyping. Mutations were detected by DNA sequence analysis of the candidate genes. Effects of amino acid changes on the structure and function of proteins were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: Evidence of a linkage was obtained at markers D1S514 (LOD score [Z]=3.48, recombination fraction [theta]=0.0) and D1S1595 (Z=2.49, theta=0.0). Haplotype analysis indicated that the cataract gene was close to these two markers. Sequencing of the connexin 50 (GJA8) gene revealed a T>C transition at nucleotide position c.92. This nucleotide change resulted in the substitution of highly conserved isoleucine by threonine at codon 31(I31T). This mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals and was not observed in unaffected or 110 normal unrelated individuals. Bioinformatics analysis showed that a highly conserved region was located at Ile31, and the mutation was predicted to affect the function and secondary structure of the GJA8 protein. CONCLUSION: A novel mutation in GJA8 was detected in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract, providing clear evidence of a relationship between the genotype and the corresponding cataract phenotype.
| S-EPMC2794658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To identify the genetic defect associated with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract in a Chinese family, molecular genetic investigation via haplotype analysis and direct sequencing were performed Sequencing of the CRYGD gene revealed a c.127T>C transition, which resulted in a substitution of a highly conserved tryptophan with arginine at codon 43 (p.Trp43Arg). This mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals and was not observed in either unaffected family members or in 200 normal unrelated individuals. Biophysical studies indicated that the p.Trp43Arg mutation resulted in significant tertiary structural changes. The mutant protein was much less stable than the wild-type protein, and was more prone to aggregate when subjected to environmental stresses such as heat and UV irradiation.
| S-EPMC3035819 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo identify the underlying genetic defect in a four-generation family of Chinese origin with autosomal dominant congenital cataract-microcornea syndrome (CCMC).MethodsAll individuals in the study underwent a full clinical examination and the details of history were collected . Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and the exons of all candidate genes were sequenced.ResultsDirect sequencing of the encoding regions of the candidate genes revealed a heterozygous mutation c.592C-->T in exon 2 of the gap junction protein, alpha 8 (GJA8) gene. This mutation was responsible for the familial disorder through the substitution of a highly conserved arginine to tryptophan at codon 198 (p.R198W). This change co-segregated with all affected members of the family, but was not detected either in the non-carrier relatives or in the 100 normal controls.ConclusionsThis report is the first to relate p.R198W mutation in GJA8 with CCMC. The result expands the mutation spectrum of GJA8 in associated with congenital cataract and microcornea, and implies that this gene has direct involvement with the development of the lens as well as the other anterior segment of the eye.
| S-EPMC2927419 | biostudies-literature