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Eating Dinner Early Improves 24-h Blood Glucose Levels and Boosts Lipid Metabolism after Breakfast the Next Day: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.

ABSTRACT: Aim: To examine whether mild early time-restricted eating (eating dinner at 18:00 vs. at 21:00) improves 24-h blood glucose levels and postprandial lipid metabolism in healthy adults. Methods: Twelve participants (2 males and 10 females) were included in the study. In this 3-day (until the morning of day 3) randomized crossover study, two different conditions were tested: eating a late dinner (at 21:00) or an early dinner (at 18:00). During the experimental period, blood glucose levels were evaluated by each participant wearing a continuous blood glucose measuring device. Metabolic measurements were performed using the indirect calorimetry method on the morning of day 3. The study was conducted over three days; day 1 was excluded from the analysis to adjust for the effects of the previous day's meal, and only data from the mornings of days 2 and 3 were used for the analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed in mean 24-h blood glucose levels on day 2 between the two groups (p = 0.034). There was a significant decrease in the postprandial respiratory quotient 30 min and 60 min after breakfast on day 3 in the early dinner group compared with the late dinner group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite a difference of only 3 h, eating dinner early (at 18:00) has a positive effect on blood glucose level fluctuation and substrate oxidation compared with eating dinner late (at 21:00).

SUBMITTER: Nakamura K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8308587 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundEvidence from experimental and observational studies is limited regarding the most favorable breakfast composition to prevent abdominal fat accumulation. We explored the association between breakfast composition (a posteriori derived dietary patterns) and abdominal obesity among regular breakfast eaters from a Swiss population-based sample.MethodsThe cross-sectional survey assessed diet using two 24-h dietary recalls in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 18 to 75?years. We derived dietary patterns using principal component analysis based on the intake of 22 breakfast-specific food groups. All regular breakfast eaters were predicted an individual score for each identified pattern, and then classified into tertiles (T1, T2, T3). We defined abdominal obesity as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ? 0.9 in men and???0.85 in women. Logistic models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, relevant nutrition- and health-related behaviors, and diet quality during the rest of the day.ResultsOf the 2019 included survey participants, 1351 (67%) were regular breakfast eaters. Among them, we identified three breakfast types: 1) 'traditional'?-?white bread, butter, sweet spread, 2) 'prudent'?-?fruit, unprocessed and unsweetened cereal flakes, nuts/seeds, yogurt, and 3) 'western' - processed breakfast cereals, and milk. The 'prudent' breakfast was negatively associated with abdominal obesity. After full adjustment, including diet quality during the rest of the day, the association was weaker (T3 vs. T1: OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.08). People taking a 'prudent' breakfast (in T3) had 1.2% lower WHR compared to people taking a breakfast distant from 'prudent' (in T1) (P?=?0.02, fully adjusted model with continuous log-WHR). We found no association between 'traditional' or 'western' breakfasts and WHR (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.50 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.71, respectively). Findings were in the same directions for the three breakfast types when defining obesity with waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, or body mass index (? 30?kg/m2, for 'prudent' breakfast: OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.85).ConclusionsRegular breakfast consumers had less abdominal obesity if their breakfast was composed of fruit, natural cereal flakes, nuts/seeds and yogurt. This association was partly explained by their healthier diet during the rest of the day.Trial registrationISRCTN16778734 .

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Eating Dinner Early Improves 24-h Blood Glucose Levels and Boosts Lipid Metabolism after Breakfast the Next Day: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.

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