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The Influence of the Grapevine Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes on Biomass Accumulation and Stilbene Production by the In Vitro Cultivated Cells of Vitis amurensis Rupr.

ABSTRACT: Plant endophytes are known to alter the profile of secondary metabolites in plant hosts. In this study, we identified the main bacterial and fungal representatives of the wild grape Vitis amurensis Rupr. microbiome and investigated a cocultivation effect of the 14 endophytes and the V. amurensis cell suspension on biomass accumulation and stilbene biosynthesis. The cocultivation of the V. amurensis cell culture with the bacteria Agrobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., and Curtobacterium sp. for 2 weeks did not significantly affect the accumulation of cell culture fresh biomass. However, it was significantly inhibited by the bacteria Erwinia sp., Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Xanthomonas sp. and fungi Alternaria sp., Biscogniauxia sp., Cladosporium sp., Didymella sp. 2, and Fusarium sp. Cocultivation of the grapevine cell suspension with the fungi Didymella sp. 1 and Trichoderma sp. resulted in cell death. The addition of endophytic bacteria increased the total stilbene content by 2.2-5.3 times, while the addition of endophytic fungi was more effective in inducing stilbene accumulation by 2.6-16.3 times. The highest content of stilbenes in the grapevine cells cocultured with endophytic fungi was 13.63 and 13.76 mg/g of the cell dry weight (DW) after cultivation with Biscogniauxia sp. and Didymella sp. 2, respectively. The highest content of stilbenes in the grapevine cells cocultured with endophytic bacteria was 4.49 mg/g DW after cultivation with Xanthomonas sp. The increase in stilbene production was due to a significant activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and stilbene synthase (STS) gene expression. We also analyzed the sensitivity of the selected endophytes to eight antibiotics, fluconazole, and trans-resveratrol. The endophytic bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin and kanamycin, while all selected fungal strains were resistant to fluconazole with the exception of Cladosporium sp. All endophytes were tolerant of trans-resveratrol. This study showed that grape endophytes stimulate the production of stilbenes in grape cell suspension, which could further contribute to the generation of a new stimulator of stilbene biosynthesis in grapevine or grape cell cultures.

SUBMITTER: Aleynova OA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8309151 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Stilbenes are plant defense compounds known to rapidly accumulate in grapevine and some other plant species in response to microbial infection and several abiotic stresses. Stilbenes have attracted considerable attention due to valuable biological effects with multi-spectrum therapeutic application. However, there is a lack of information on natural signaling pathways and transcription factors regulating stilbene biosynthesis. It has been previously shown that MYB R2R3 transcription factor genes VaMyb40 and VaMyb60 were up-regulated in cell cultures of wild-growing grapevine Vitis amurensis Rupr. in response to UV irradiation. In this study, the effects of VaMyb40 or VaMyb60 overexpression in cell cultures of V. amurensis on their capability to produce stilbenes were investigated. Overexpression of the VaMyb60 gene led to a considerable increase in the content of stilbenes in three independently transformed transgenic lines in 5.9-13.9 times, while overexpression of the VaMyb40 gene also increased the content of stilbenes, although to a lesser extent (in 3.4-4.0 times) in comparison with stilbene levels in the empty vector-transformed calli. Stilbene content and stilbene production in the VaMyb60-transgenic calli reached 18.8 mg/g of dry weight (DW) and 150.8 mg/L, respectively. Using HPLC analysis, we detected eight individual stilbenes: t-resveratrol diglucoside, t-piceid, t-resveratrol, ε-viniferin, δ-viniferin, cis-resveratrol, cis-piceid, t-piceatannol. T-resveratrol prevailed over other stilbenoid compounds (53.1-89.5% of all stilbenes) in the VaMyb-overexpressing cell cultures. Moreover, the VaMyb40- and VaMyb60-transformed calli were capable of producing anthocyanins up to 0.035 mg/g DW, while the control calli did not produce anthocyanins. These findings show that the VaMyb40 and VaMyb60 genes positively regulate the stilbene biosynthesis as strong positive transcription regulators and can be used in biotechnological applications for stilbene production or high-quality viticulture and winemaking.

Project description:BackgroundChronic inflammation is one of the important mediators of colitis-related colon cancer (CRC). Abundant mast cells (MCs) were observed in the tumor microenvironment and mediators released upon MC activation play an important role in the process of chronic inflammation. Previously, we found that activation of intestine mucosal MCs recruited and modulated the inflammatory CD11b(+)Gr1(+) cells to promote the CRC development. In the current study we investigated the effects of Vam3, a resveratrol dimer with potent anti-inflammatory effects, on CRC development.MethodsRBL-2H3 cells, a basophilic leukemia cell line, were pretreated with 2.5 or 5 µM Vam3 and then stimulated with dinitrophenol-conjugated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The MC degranulation was determined by measuring β-hexosaminidase release. Generation of TNF-α and IL-6 in RBL-2H3 cells or in peritoneal macrophages was determined by ELISA and real-time qPCR. NF-κB p65 and phospho-NF-κB p65 expression was determined by Western blotting. NF-κB activity in RAW264.7 cells was determined by luciferase reporter assay. CRC was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM), followed by oral exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Vam3 at 50 mg/kg, or disodium cromoglycate (DSCG, MC stabilizer) at 100 mg/kg, or vehicle were administrated to the mice 4 weeks after DSS withdrawal. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and mouse MC protease-1 were determined by ELISA. Infiltration of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to compare difference between groups.ResultsPretreatment with Vam3 significantly inhibited RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and inflammatory cytokine production from RBL-2H3 cells and from peritoneal macrophages. After Vam3 treatment, NF-κB activity in RAW264.7 cells, and expressions of phospho-NF-κB p65 in RBL-2H3 cells and in peritoneal macrophages were significantly down-regulated. In the AOM plus DSS-induced CRC murine model, the Vam3 and DSCG-treated mice had less tumor numbers than those treated with vehicle. Expression of phospho-NF-κB p65, production of inflammatory cytokines, and infiltration of MCs and CD11b(+)Gr1(+) cells were attenuated in the Vam3-treated mice.ConclusionVam3 treatment could attenuate the CRC development. This effect may be due to its inhibition on NF-κB signaling pathway in MCs and macrophages of the inflamed intestines.

Project description:Many grape endophytic microorganisms exhibit high potential for suppressing the development of grape diseases and stimulating grapevine growth and fitness, as well as beneficial properties of the crop. The microbiome of wild grapevines is a promising source of biocontrol agents, which can be beneficial for domesticated grapevines. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and classical microbiology techniques, we performed an analysis of bacterial and fungal endophytic communities of wild grapevines Vitis amurensis Rupr. and Vitis coignetiae Pulliat growing in the Russian Far East. According to the NGS analysis, 24 and 18 bacterial taxa from the class level were present in V. amurensis and V. coignetiae grapevines, respectively. Gammaproteobacteria (35%) was the predominant class of endophytic bacteria in V. amurensis and Alphaproteobacteria (46%) in V. coignetiae. Three taxa, namely Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, and Hymenobacter, were the most common bacterial genera for V. amurensis and V. coignetiae. Metagenomic analysis showed the presence of 23 and 22 fungi and fungus-like taxa of class level in V. amurensis and V. coignetiae, respectively. The predominant fungal classes were Dothideomycetes (61-65%) and Tremellomycetes (10-11%), while Cladosporium and Aureobasidium were the most common fungal genera in V. amurensis and V. coignetiae, respectively. A comparative analysis of the endophytic communities of V. amurensis and V. coignetiae with the previously reported endophytic communities of V. vinifera revealed that the bacterial biodiversity of V. amurensis and V. coignetiae was similar in alpha diversity to V. vinifera's bacterial biodiversity. The fungal alpha diversity of V. amurensis and V. coignetiae was statistically different from that of V. vinifera. The beta diversity analysis of bacterial and fungal endophytes showed that samples of V. vinifera formed separate clusters, while V. amurensis samples formed a separate cluster including V. coignetiae samples. The data revealed that the endophytic community of bacteria and fungi from wild V. amurensis was richer than that from V. coignetiae grapes and cultivated V. vinifera grapes. Therefore, the data obtained in this work could be of high value in the search for potentially useful microorganisms for viticulture.

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The Influence of the Grapevine Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes on Biomass Accumulation and Stilbene Production by the In Vitro Cultivated Cells of Vitis amurensis Rupr.

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