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Cardiac Myeloid Sarcoma: A 1-kg Heart.

ABSTRACT: A 53-year-old man with a background of acute myelomonocytic leukemia in remission presented with pleurisy. Repeat transthoracic echocardiography over several weeks revealed thickening left ventricular walls and decreasing systolic function. He died of decompensated heart failure due to cardiac myeloid sarcoma, with autopsy revealing an enlarged heart weighing >1 kg. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

SUBMITTER: Bamford P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8311334 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Primary Cardiac Sarcoma Involving the Mitral Valve, an Insidious Form of Heart Failure

Project description:Graphical abstract Highlights • Multimodality cardiac imaging can assess cardiac sarcomas and guide biopsy.• Cardiac MRI differentiates cardiac tumors from thrombus and identifies thrombus tumor.• Cardiac sarcoma treatment includes surgical and adjuvant options.• Survival rates of cardiac sarcoma are based on tumor location within the heart.

| S-EPMC7887519 | biostudies-literature

Hyperplastic cardiac sarcoma recurrence.

Project description:Primary cardiac sarcomas are rare tumors with a median survival of 6-12 months. Data suggest that an aggressive multidisciplinary approach may improve patient outcome. We present the case of a male who underwent resection of cardiac sarcoma three times from the age of 32 to 34. This report discusses the malignant nature of cardiac sarcoma and the importance of postoperative multidisciplinary care.

| S-EPMC4377465 | biostudies-literature

Isolated Intracranial Myeloid Sarcoma Occurring as Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Project description:Myeloid sarcoma (MS) or chloroma is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of extramedullary proliferation of blasts of granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, or megakaryocytic lineage occurring at sites outside the bone marrow. MS occurs in 2%-8% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), sometimes it occurs as the presenting manifestation of relapse in a patient in remission. We describe the case of a young male with AML in remission for 6 years presenting with central nervous system symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an extra-axial altered intensity lesion in the parasagittal parietal region, infiltrating anterosuperiorly into anterior falx, and posterosuperior aspect of the superior sagittal sinus. A biopsy from the lesion was diagnostic of MS which was positive for myeloperoxidase. He did not have any other sites of disease. He has received chemotherapy with FLAG (Fludarabine, Cytosine arabinoside) followed by cranial irradiation and is in complete remission.

| S-EPMC5488578 | biostudies-other

P2X7 receptor activation mediates organic cation uptake into human myeloid leukaemic KG-1 cells.

Project description:The P2X7 purinergic receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel with an emerging role in neoplasia. In this study we demonstrate that the human KG-1 cell line, a model of acute myelogenous leukaemia, expresses functional P2X7. RT-PCR and immunochemical techniques demonstrated the presence of P2X7 mRNA and protein respectively in KG-l cells, as well as in positive control multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells. Flow cytometric measurements demonstrated that ATP induced ethidium(+) uptake into KG-l cells suspended in sucrose medium (EC(50) of ? 3 ?M), but not into cells in NaCl medium. In contrast, ATP induced ethidium(+) uptake into RPMI 8226 cells suspended in either sucrose or NaCl medium (EC(50) of ? 3 or ? 99 ?M, respectively), as well as into RPMI 8226 cells in KCl medium (EC(50) of ? 18 ?M). BzATP and to a lesser extent ATP?S and ??-methylene ATP, but not ADP or UTP, also induced ethidium(+) uptake into KG-1 cells. ATP-induced ethidium(+) uptake was completely impaired by the P2X7 antagonists, AZ10606120 and A-438079. ATP-induced ethidium(+) uptake was also impaired by probenecid but not by carbenoxolone, both pannexin-1 antagonists. ATP induced YO-PRO-1(2+) and propidium(2+) uptake into KG-1 cells. Finally, sequencing of full-length P2X7 cDNA identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in KG-1 cells including H155Y, A348T, T357S and Q460R. RPMI 8226 cells contained A348T, A433V and H521Q SNPs. In conclusion, the KG-1 cell line expresses functional P2X7. This cell line may help elucidate the signalling pathways involved in P2X7-induced survival and invasiveness of myeloid leukaemic cells.

| S-EPMC3486171 | biostudies-literature

Radiation Therapy for Chemotherapy Refractory Gingival Myeloid Sarcoma.

Project description:Gingival myeloid sarcoma (MS) refractory to induction chemotherapy is a rare clinical entity and can be treated with palliative radiation therapy (RT). However, there are few previously published reports of RT approaches for the treatment of gingival MS. We present a single institution retrospective observational study of adult patients treated with palliative RT for chemotherapy refractory gingival MS. A total of six patients diagnosed with gingival MS in the setting of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia treated with palliative RT were identified, with a median age of 66 (range 52-77). Patients were treated with radiation doses ranging from 5 to 20 Gy in 2-10 fractions. Two patients had adequate follow-up time to assess treatment response. One patient who was simulated with PET/CT experienced a local complete response, while the other patient required retreatment 2 months after initial treatment and experienced an eventual local partial response. Three patients experienced radiation mucositis, with one patient experiencing grade 5 toxicity attributed to concomitant treatment with the radiosensitizer hydroxyurea. We believe that this study can provide a practical reference point for other clinicians given the rarity of gingival MS requiring palliative radiation therapy as a clinical entity.

| S-EPMC8143974 | biostudies-literature

Spinal Myeloid Sarcoma "Chloroma" Presenting as Cervical Radiculopathy: Case Report.

Project description:Study Design Case report. Objective Myeloid sarcoma (also known as chloroma) is a rare, extramedullary tumor composed of immature granulocytic cells. It may occur early in the course of acute or chronic leukemia or myeloproliferative disorders. Spinal cord invasion by myeloid sarcoma is rare. The authors report a rare case of spinal myeloid sarcoma presenting as cervical radiculopathy. Methods A previously healthy 43-year-old man presented with progressive neck, right shoulder, and arm pain. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a very large enhancing extradural soft tissue mass extending from C7 through T1, with severe narrowing of the thecal sac at the T1 level. The patient underwent posterior cervical open biopsy, laminectomy, and decompression. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. Postoperatively, a bone marrow biopsy was done, which showed myeloproliferative neoplasm with eosinophilia. The patient then received systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results At the 10-month follow-up, the patient reported complete relief of arm pain and neck pain. X-rays showed that the overall cervical alignment was intact and there was no evidence of a recurrent lesion. MRI showed no evidence of compressive or remnant lesion. Conclusions Spinal myeloid sarcoma presenting as cervical radiculopathy is rare, and it may be easily misdiagnosed. Knowledge of its clinical presentation, imaging, and histologic characterization can lead to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

| S-EPMC4472287 | biostudies-other

Unusual cause of heart failure: Mitral stenosis and pulmonary venous obstructions caused by the direct invasion of primary cardiac sarcoma.

Project description:Cardiac tumor can produce a variety of symptoms and clinical findings depending on the location, size, and histologic type. It may cause heart failure usually by interfering with intracardiac blood flows associated with the mass effects. Here, we report an extremely rare case of heart failure caused by primary cardiac sarcoma with a review of the literature. The cause of heart failure was moderate to severe mitral steno-insufficiency due to the direct tumoral invasion of mitral valve apparatus combined with obstruction of the pulmonary veins.

| S-EPMC6269419 | biostudies-literature

Mouse cardiac tissue: Vehicle treated control vs. 15mg/kg doxorubicin

Project description:Transcriptional profiling of mouse cardiac tissue treated with 15mg/kg doxorubicin in 10 ml/kg saline over an acute time course (0.5-120 hours) compared to time matched control animals treated with 10ml/kg saline.

2010-08-06 | GSE17826 | GEO

Mouse cardiac tissue: Vehicle treated control vs. 25mg/kg DMNQ

Project description:Transcriptional profiling of mouse cardiac tissue treated with 25mg/kg DMNQ in 10 ml/kg arachis oil over an acute time course (5 minutes-120 hours) compared to time matached control animals treated with 10ml/kg arachis oil

2010-08-06 | GSE17915 | GEO

Recurrent Cardiac Sarcoma Resection With Modified Partial Autotransplantation.

Project description:Primary cardiac sarcomas are very aggressive, being a challenge to cardio-oncology specialty. Surgical planning and innovative techniques have enhanced the possibility of resection. We have described a case of recurrent primary left atrium angiosarcoma, successfully resected with a modified partial autotransplantation technique, planned using a 3-dimensional model created from computed tomography. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

| S-EPMC8571791 | biostudies-literature

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