Joint trajectories of episodic memory and odor identification in older adults: patterns and predictors.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dintica CS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8312450 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Odor identification deficits occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as measured by the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). OBJECTIVE:To determine if UPSIT scores predict amyloid-? (A?) status, determined by 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B PET. We also compared UPSIT scores to A? status in predicting future memory decline. METHODS:Subjects were recruited into a longitudinal clinical prediction study. We analyzed data from those who had UPSIT, cognitive testing, PIB PET, and at least 12 months' clinical follow-up. Forty-six amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients and 25 cognitively normal controls were included. Amyloid-positivity was defined as composite PIB standardized uptake value ratio >1.5. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analyses tested the predictive utility of impaired olfaction (defined as UPSIT score <35) and amyloid-positivity for memory decline. RESULTS:High UPSIT scores predicted absence of amyloidosis on PET, with negative predictive value of 100%. Positive predictive value of low UPSIT scores on positive A? status was only 41%. Both low UPSIT score (OR?=?4.301, 95% CI?=?1.248, 14.821, p?=?0.021) and positive PET scan (OR?=?20.898, 95% CI?=?2.222, 196.581, p?=?0.008) predicted memory decline. CONCLUSION:Individuals with high UPSIT scores are less likely to have cerebral amyloidosis or experience memory decline. Therefore, UPSIT has potential as a screening tool to determine utility of A? PET in clinical practice or enrollment in clinical trials. Low UPSIT score is a non-specific marker of neurodegeneration that could indicate further workup in patients with memory complaints.
| S-EPMC6760657 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWe aimed to examine the multimorbidity patterns within a representative sample of UK older adults and their association with concurrent and subsequent memory.MethodsOur sample consisted of 11 449 respondents (mean age at baseline was 65.02) from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). We used 14 health conditions and immediate and delayed recall scores (IMRC and DLRC) over 7 waves (14 years of follow-up). Latent class analyses were performed to identify the multimorbidity patterns and linear mixed models were estimated to explore their association with their memory trajectories. Models were adjusted by sociodemographics, body mass index (BMI), and health behaviors.ResultsResults showed 8 classes: Class 1: Heart Disease/Stroke (26%), Class 2: Asthma/Lung Disease (16%), Class 3: Arthritis/Hypertension (13%), Class 4: Depression/Arthritis (12%), Class 5: Hypertension/Cataracts/Diabetes (10%), Class 6: Psychiatric Problems/Depression (10%), Class 7: Cancer (7%), and Class 8: Arthritis/Cataracts (6%). At baseline, Class 4 was found to have lower IMRC and DLRC scores and Class 5 in DLRC, compared to the no multimorbidity group (n = 6380, 55.72% of total cohort). For both tasks, in unadjusted models, we found an accelerated decline in Classes 1, 3, and 8; and, for DLRC, also in Classes 2 and 5. However, it was fully attenuated after adjustments.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that individuals with certain combinations of health conditions are more likely to have lower levels of memory compared to those with no multimorbidity and their memory scores tend to differ between combinations. Sociodemographics and health behaviors have a key role to understand who is more likely to be at risk of an accelerated decline.
| S-EPMC8087269 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: Aging is associated with heterogeneous cognitive trajectories. There is considerable interest in identifying risk factors for pathological aging, with recent studies demonstrating a link between surgical procedures and proximal cognitive decline; however, the role of lifetime exposure to surgical procedures and cognitive function has been relatively unexplored. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the association between total lifetime surgical procedures and memory function in older adults. Methods: A cohort of 62 older adults underwent a neuropsychological evaluation and health history assessment. Self-reported lifetime surgical history was categorized as "cardiac" or "non-cardiac." General linear models were fit with demographics as nuisance covariates, and the total number of non-cardiac surgeries as our predictor of interest. Total scores on measures of episodic memory, language, working memory, fluency, and visuospatial function were separate outcome variables. In a secondary analysis, vascular risk factors were included as covariates. Diffusion tensor imaging was obtained for exploratory analyses of selected regions of interest. Results: The mean age of participants was 70, and 0-13 lifetime non-cardiac surgical procedures were reported. Higher numbers of lifetime non-cardiac surgical procedures were associated with worse verbal learning and memory (p = .04). The negative association between lifetime non-cardiac procedures and cognition was specific to memory. Exploratory analyses showed that higher number of lifetime non-cardiac procedures was related to lower FA in the fornix body (p = .02). Conclusions: These results of this pilot study suggest that greater lifetime exposure to surgery may be associated with worse verbal learning and memory in healthy older adults. These findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that cumulative medical events may be risk factors for negative cognitive outcomes.
| S-EPMC6764849 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The ability to identify odors predicts morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. It varies by age, gender, and race and is used in the vast majority of survey and clinical literature. However, odor identification relies heavily on cognition. Other facets of olfaction, such as odor sensitivity, have a smaller cognitive component. Whether odor sensitivity also varies by these factors has not been definitively answered. We analyzed data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative study of older US adults (n = 2081). Odor identification was measured using 5 validated odors presented with Sniffin' Stick pens as was odor sensitivity in a 6-dilution n-butanol constant stimuli detection test. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression modeled relationships between olfaction and age, gender, race, cognition, education, socioeconomic status, social network characteristics, and physical and mental health. Odor sensitivity was worse in older adults (P < 0.01), without gender (P = 0.56) or race (P = 0.79) differences. Odor identification was also worse in older adults, particularly men (both P ≤ 0.01), without differences by race. Decreased cognitive function was associated with worse odor identification (P ≤ 0.01) but this relationship was weaker for odor sensitivity (P = 0.02) in analyses that adjusted for other covariates. Odor sensitivity was less strongly correlated with cognitive ability than odor identification, confirming that it may be a more specific measure of peripheral olfactory processing. Investigators interested in associations between olfaction and health should consider both odor sensitivity and identification when attempting to understand underlying neurosensory mechanisms.
| S-EPMC7320224 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recollection of personal past events differs across the lifespan. Older individuals recall fewer episodic details and convey more semantic information than young. Here we examine how gray matter volumes in temporal lobe regions integral to episodic and semantic memory (hippocampus and temporal poles, respectively) are related to age differences in autobiographical recollection. Gray matter volumes were obtained in healthy young (n = 158) and old (n = 105) adults. The temporal pole was demarcated and hippocampus segmented into anterior and posterior regions to test for volume differences between age groups. The Autobiographical Interview was administered to measure episodic and semantic autobiographical memory. Volume associations with episodic and semantic autobiographical memory were then assessed. Brain volumes were smaller for older adults in the posterior hippocampus. Autobiographical memory was less episodic and more semanticized for older versus younger adults. Older adults also showed positive associations between temporal pole volumes and episodic autobiographical recall; in the young, temporal pole volume was positively associated with performance on standard laboratory measures of semantic memory. Exploratory analyses revealed that age-related episodic autobiographical memory associations with anterior hippocampal volumes depended on sex. These findings suggest that age differences in brain structures implicated in episodic and semantic memory may portend reorganization of neural circuits to support autobiographical memory in later life.
| S-EPMC8995350 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The brain signature concept aims to characterize brain regions most strongly associated with an outcome of interest. Brain signatures derive their power from data-driven searches that select features based solely on performance metrics of prediction or classification. This approach has important potential to delineate biologically relevant brain substrates for prediction or classification of future trajectories. Recent work has used exploratory voxel-wise or atlas-based searches, with some using machine learning techniques to define salient features. These have shown undoubted usefulness, but two issues remain. The preponderance of recent work has been aimed at categorical rather than continuous outcomes, and it is rare for non-atlas reliant voxel-based signatures to be reported that would be useful for modelling and hypothesis testing. We describe a cross-validated signature region model for structural brain components associated with baseline and longitudinal episodic memory across cognitively heterogeneous populations including normal, mild impairment and dementia. We used three non-overlapping cohorts of older participants: from the UC Davis Aging and Diversity cohort (n = 255; mean age 75.3 ± 7.1 years; 128 cognitively normal, 97 mild cognitive impairment, 30 demented and seven unclassified); from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) 1 (n = 379; mean age 75.1 ± 7.2; 82 cognitively normal, 176 mild cognitive impairment, 121 Alzheimer's dementia); and from ADNI2/GO (n = 680; mean age 72.5 ± 7.1; 220 cognitively normal, 381 mild cognitive impairment and 79 Alzheimer's dementia). We used voxel-wise regression analysis, correcting for multiple comparisons, to generate an array of regional masks corresponding to different association strength levels of cortical grey matter with baseline memory and brain atrophy with memory change. Cognitive measures were episodic memory using Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales instruments for UC Davis and ADNI-Mem for ADNI 1 and ADNI2/GO. Performance metric was the adjusted R2 coefficient of determination of each model explaining outcomes in two cohorts other than where it was computed. We compared within-cohort performances of signature models against each other and against other recent signature models of episodic memory. Findings were: (i) two independently generated signature region of interest models performed similarly in a third separate cohort; (ii) a signature region of interest generated in one imaging cohort replicated its performance level when explaining cognitive outcomes in each of other, separate cohorts; and (iii) this approach better explained baseline and longitudinal memory than other recent theory-driven and data-driven models. This suggests our approach can generate signatures that may be easily and robustly applied for modelling and hypothesis testing in mixed cognition cohorts.
| S-EPMC8105039 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Source memory decline has been identified as one of the types of memory most seriously affected during older age. It refers to our capacity to recollect the contextual information in which our experiences take place. Although most elderly adults will be affected by progressive source memory decline, a subset of individuals will not follow this average pattern; instead, their source memory capabilities will remain functional. Likewise, a minority of individuals will manifest an extreme decay of their source memory abilities. The objective of the present study was to identify among 120 potential predictors that significantly contributed to these two extreme source memory outcomes. Spatial source memory was measured in a sample of 519 healthy individuals between 61 and 80 years old. Individuals who performed below the 20th and above the 80th percentiles in the source memory task were defined as individuals whose episodic memory failed and succeeded, respectively. Logistic models identified five and six significant predictors of source memory success and failure in older age, respectively. High source memory performance was mainly predicted by healthy cardiovascular markers and psychological traits, whereas low source memory performance was primarily predicted by consumption habits and by less engagement in mental activities. The models identified relevant biological and life experiences that underlie these unusual source memory outcomes in older age.
| S-EPMC6371062 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study objectivesIn young adults, napping is hypothesized to benefit episodic memory retention (eg, via consolidation). Whether this relationship is present in older adults has not been adequately tested but is an important question because older adults display marked changes in sleep and memory.DesignBetween-subjects design.SettingSleep laboratory at Emory University School of Medicine.ParticipantsFifty healthy young adults (18-29) and 45 community-dwelling older adults (58-83).InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to a 90-minute nap opportunity or an equal interval of quiet wakefulness.Measurements and resultsParticipants underwent an item-wise directed forgetting learning procedure in which they studied words that were individually followed by the instruction to "remember" or "forget." Following a 90-minute retention interval filled with quiet wakefulness or a nap opportunity, they were asked to free recall and recognize those words. Young adults retained significantly more words following a nap interval than a quiet wakefulness interval on both free recall and recognition tests. There was modest evidence for greater nap-related retention of "remember" items relative to "forget" items for free recall but not recognition. Older adults' memory retention did not differ across nap and quiet wakefulness conditions, although they demonstrated greater fragmentation, lower N3, and lower rapid eye movement duration than the young adults.ConclusionsIn young adults, an afternoon nap benefits episodic memory retention, but such benefits decrease with advancing age.
| S-EPMC5445560 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThere are positive correlations between subjective health reports and episodic memory performance in older adults. However, previous studies have not evaluated the scope of such complex relationships, nor the potentially nonlinear magnitude of these correlations across age and time. We employed multiple subjective heath indices to evaluate the scope and nonlinearity of such relationships with memory performance.MethodsWe utilized a cross-sectional (N = 2,783 at baseline) and longitudinal sample (N = 311) of healthy older adults aged 65 and older from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study. We used time-varying effects modeling (TVEM) to assess potential differences in relationship magnitudes between memory and 3 subjective health subscales (general health, role physical function, and physical function, from the Short Form Health Survey) across 5 years.ResultsEpisodic memory positively predicted all subjective health measures cross-sectionally and longitudinally in our sample. TVEM revealed the relationships between all subjective health measures and episodic memory were stable across age. While role physical function and physical function maintained stable relationships with episodic memory across time, general health became increasingly coupled with memory 5 years following baseline.DiscussionTogether, our findings highlight stable and varying relationships between episodic memory and multiple subjective health indicators across metrics of time in older adults. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT00298558.
| S-EPMC8974348 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Episodic and spatial memory are commonly impaired in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Volumetric and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest a preferential involvement of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), particularly the hippocampus, in episodic and spatial memory processing. The present study examined how these two memory types were related in terms of their associated resting-state functional architecture. 3T multiband resting state fMRI scans from 497 participants (60-82 years old) of the cross-sectional Whitehall II Imaging sub-study were analysed using an unbiased, data-driven network-modelling technique (FSLNets). Factor analysis was performed on the cognitive battery; the Hopkins Verbal Learning test and Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure test factors were used to assess verbal and visuospatial memory respectively. We present a map of the macroscopic functional connectome for the Whitehall II Imaging sub-study, comprising 58 functionally distinct nodes clustered into five major resting-state networks. Within this map we identified distinct functional connections associated with verbal and visuospatial memory. Functional anticorrelation between the hippocampal formation and the frontal pole was significantly associated with better verbal memory in an age-dependent manner. In contrast, hippocampus-motor and parietal-motor functional connections were associated with visuospatial memory independently of age. These relationships were not driven by grey matter volume and were unique to the respective memory domain. Our findings provide new insights into current models of brain-behaviour interactions, and suggest that while both episodic and visuospatial memory engage MTL nodes of the default mode network, the two memory domains differ in terms of the associated functional connections between the MTL and other resting-state brain networks.
| S-EPMC5678287 | biostudies-literature