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Electrical conductivity of beech sawdust using graphite catalytic coating: unlocking the microwave-assisted thermolysis efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass.

ABSTRACT: The coating of the beech sawdust using a catalytic amount of graphite (as low as 0.25 wt%) allowed a step improvement in the microwave-assisted thermolysis. Results demonstrated that the pyrolysis performance was linked to an electrical conductivity threshold of the coated samples rather than a gradual increase. With as low as 0.13 mS m^-1 of electrical conductivity, the 0.75 wt% graphite coated sawdust (250-500 μm) was efficiently gasified with up to 43 wt% of gas (30 wt% of carbon monoxide, 25 vol% of hydrogen). Initial particle size impacted the thermolysis performance where optimal size (250-500 μm) provided high heat homogeneity due to efficient graphite coating and low temperature gradient between the outer and inner part of the sawdust. The small initial particle size (75-250 μm) was unsuitable for microwave pyrolysis, exhibiting a too large surface area for efficient coating with 0.75 wt% of graphite which was confirmed by the absence of electrical conductivity (<0.003 mS m^-1). The electrical conductivity can be used as a marker to evaluate the suitability of the sample for microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Unlike simple graphite mixing, the mechanical coating allowed more than 20-fold decrease of susceptor quantity, providing more homogeneous samples with higher reproducibility.

SUBMITTER: Bouxin FP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8314977 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ObjectiveMicrowave thermolysis (MWT) is an emerging treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis reducing both sweat and odor. No prior studies have investigated and compared the different available energy settings of the MWT device. This study evaluated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis following MWT treatment with two different energy levels.MethodsTwenty adults with axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis reported sweat on Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity scale (HDSS: 1-4) and odor on Odor scale (OS: 1-10), respectively, supplemented by overall Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI: 0-30). This was a prospective, randomized, patient-blinded and intraindividually controlled study with 3 months follow-up (FU). Randomization comprised MWT treatment of one axilla with a standard medium energy setting (energy level 3) and the contralateral axilla with a standard high energy setting (energy level 5).ResultsAt baseline, patients reported substantial sweat and odor, negatively affecting their quality of life. At 3 months FU, PROMs showed improved quality of life with significantly reduced odor and sweat. Overall DLQI was reduced from a median of 10 to 4, with a median 6.5-point reduction (p = 0.0002). HDSS was reduced from a median of 4 to 2 on both sides, with a median reduction of 1 for medium energy level and 2 points for high energy level (p = 0.014). OS was reduced from a median of 8 to 3 for both energy levels, with a median reduction of 3.5 and 4.5 points for the medium and high energy level, respectively (p = 0.017). Local skin reactions were mild and transient, but slightly more pronounced following treatment with the high energy level.ConclusionMWT effectively improved patients' quality of life, axillary sweat, and odor 3 months after on baseline treatment. Treatment with the high energy level presented a subtle but significant increase of efficacy based on PROMs for both sweat and odor. Patients were willing to accept a higher amount of temporary local skin reactions from a higher energy setting when experiencing greater odor and sweat reduction.

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Electrical conductivity of beech sawdust using graphite catalytic coating: unlocking the microwave-assisted thermolysis efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass.

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