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An Efficient "M"-shaped Suturing Technique for L-shaped Rotator Cuff Tear.

ABSTRACT: Rotator cuff tear can be divided into 4 main patterns on the basis of the geometric characteristics: crescent, longitudinal (U- or L-shaped), massive contracted, and arthropathy tears. For L-shaped rotator cuff tear, the surgical procedure often refers to the identification of the apex of the "L" and the side-to-side suturing of the longitudinal split. This technique note introduced an "M"-shaped suturing with 2 aasuture anchors, 3 sutures, and 4 knotting procedures, especially efficient for L-shaped rotator cuff tear.

SUBMITTER: Shao Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8322285 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An Efficient "M"-shaped Suturing Technique for L-shaped Rotator Cuff Tear.

Shao Zhenxing Z Luo Hao H Cui Guoqing G

Arthroscopy techniques 20210619 7

Rotator cuff tear can be divided into 4 main patterns on the basis of the geometric characteristics: crescent, longitudinal (U- or L-shaped), massive contracted, and arthropathy tears. For L-shaped rotator cuff tear, the surgical procedure often refers to the identification of the apex of the "L" and the side-to-side suturing of the longitudinal split. This technique note introduced an "M"-shaped suturing with 2 aasuture anchors, 3 sutures, and 4 knotting procedures, especially efficient for L-s ...[more]

PMID: 34354909

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Project description:Myosteatosis is the pathological accumulation of lipid that occurs in conjunction with atrophy and fibrosis following skeletal muscle injury or disease. Little is known about the mechanisms by which lipid accumulates in myosteatosis, but many studies have demonstrated the degree of lipid infiltration negatively correlates with muscle function and regeneration. Our goal was to identify biochemical pathways that lead to muscle dysfunction and lipid accumulation in injured rotator cuff muscles, a model that demonstrates severe myosteatosis. Adult rats were subjected to a massive tear to the rotator cuff musculature. After a period of either 0 (healthy control), 10, 30, or 60 days, muscles were prepared for RNA sequencing, shotgun lipidomics, metabolomics, biochemical measures, electron microscopy, and muscle fiber contractility. Following rotator cuff injury, there was a decrease in muscle fiber specific force production that was lowest at 30d. There was a dramatic time dependent increase in triacylglyceride content. Interestingly, genes related to not only triacylglyceride synthesis, but also lipid oxidation were largely downregulated over time. Using bioinformatics techniques, we identified that biochemical pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species were considerably increased in muscles with myosteatosis. Long chain acyl-carnitines and L-carnitine, precursors to beta-oxidation, were depleted following rotator cuff tear. Electron micrographs showed injured muscles displayed large lipid droplets within mitochondria at early time points, and an accumulation of peripheral segment mitochondria at all time points. Several markers of oxidative stress were elevated following rotator cuff tear. The results from this study suggest that the accumulation of lipid in myosteatosis is not a result of canonical lipid synthesis, but occurs due to decreased lipid oxidation in mitochondria. A failure in lipid utilization by mitochondria would ultimately cause an accumulation of lipid even in the absence of increased synthesis. Further study will identify whether this process is required for the onset of myosteatosis.

Project description:Rotator cuff (RC) tears are prevalent in the population above the age of 60. The disease progression leads to muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration in the chronic state, which is not improved with intervention or surgical repair. This highlights the need to better understand the underlying dysfunction in muscle after RC tendon tear. Contemporary studies aimed at understanding muscle pathobiology after RC tear have considered transcriptional data in mice, rats and sheep models at 2-3 time points (1 to 16 weeks post injury). However, none of these studies observed a transition or resurgence of gene expression after the initial acute time points. In this study, we collected rabbit supraspinatus muscle tissue with high temporal resolution (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks) post-tenotomy (n = 6/group), to determine if unique, time-dependent transcriptional changes occur. RNA sequencing and analyses were performed to identify a transcriptional timeline of RC muscle changes and related morphological sequelae. At 1-week post-tenotomy, the greatest number of differentially expressed genes was observed (1,069 up/873 down) which decreases through 2 (170/133), 4 (86/41), and 8 weeks (16/18), followed by a resurgence and transition of expression at 16 weeks (1,421/293), a behavior which previously has not been captured or reported. Broadly, 1-week post-tenotomy is an acute time point with expected immune system responses, catabolism, and changes in energy metabolism, which continues into 2 weeks with less intensity and greater contribution from mitochondrial effects. Expression shifts at 4 weeks post-tenotomy to fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and general upregulation of adipogenesis related genes. The effects of previous weeks' transcriptional dysfunction present themselves at 8 weeks post-tenotomy with enriched DNA damage binding, aggresome activity, extracellular matrix-receptor changes, and significant expression of genes known to induce apoptosis. At 16 weeks post-tenotomy, there is a range of enriched pathways including extracellular matrix constituent binding, mitophagy, neuronal activity, immune response, and more, highlighting the chaotic nature of this time point and possibility of a chronic classification. Transcriptional activity correlated significantly with histological changes and were enriched for biologically relevant pathways such as lipid metabolism. These data provide platform for understanding the biological mechanisms of chronic muscle degeneration after RC tears.

Dataset Information

An Efficient "M"-shaped Suturing Technique for L-shaped Rotator Cuff Tear.

Publications

An Efficient "M"-shaped Suturing Technique for L-shaped Rotator Cuff Tear.

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