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Single-Stage Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Reconstruction Using an Allograft Bone Dowel for a Malpositioned and Widened Femoral Tunnel.

ABSTRACT: Tunnel widening, osteolysis, and/or malposition can be a cause of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure and a challenging problem to treat when performing revision ACL reconstruction (RACLR). Traditionally, problematic tunnels that interfere with bony stability and incorporation of the new graft at the time of revision have been treated with staged procedures-bone grafting first, followed by a return several months later for the revision reconstruction after bony incorporation has occurred. Multiple staged procedures increase the level of risk the patient may encounter and increase cost and resource utilization. In addition, they prolong the recovery period for the patient. In recent years, several studies have evaluated the clinical outcomes of performing bone grafting of tunnels and concomitant RACLR in a single-stage setting in an effort to mitigate these issues. We describe a technique by which a malpositioned and widened femoral tunnel from a primary ACL failure is treated with bone grafting using an allograft dowel, as well as immediate RACLR using a bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft.

SUBMITTER: Ernat JJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8322569 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fatigue Behavior of Nitinol Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft and Inappropriate Femoral Tunnel Placement: Single-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery.

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Project description:Despite technical advances in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, there remains a need to improve postoperative outcomes with respect to graft failure rates. Recently, it has been shown that combined ACL-anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction (using a graft composed of a tripled semitendinosus and single-strand gracilis tendon) is associated with a significant reduction in graft rupture rates compared with isolated ACL reconstruction. It is recognized that the hamstring tendons are not always available (revision scenario) or are not always the primary ACL graft choice. Some surgeons prefer to use quadriceps tendon ACL grafts because of the suggestion that these grafts may be associated with equal or better functional scores. However, if surgeons wish to try to reduce the risk of graft failure by performing an ALL reconstruction, either a combined reconstruction or the use of an independent ALL graft, with a separate femoral socket, could be considered. The disadvantage of an independently performed extra-articular procedure is the risk of femoral socket collision with the femoral ACL tunnel. This Technical Note therefore describes the use of a combined ACL-ALL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autograft (ACL graft), gracilis allograft (ALL graft), and a single femoral tunnel.

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Project description:Combined injuries involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterolateral corner (PLC) occur in approximately 10% of complex knee injuries. The current tendency is to reconstruct both the ACL and the structures of the PLC. In injuries involving multiple ligaments, a potential problem in the reconstruction is the convergence of tunnels in the lateral walls of the femur. As a solution to this problem, we propose a combined technique for reconstruction of the ACL and PLC with a single tunnel in the lateral femoral wall. Combined ACL/PLC reconstruction is performed with 2 semitendinosus tendons and 1 gracilis tendon. The technique consists of making a tunnel in the lateral wall of the femur, from the outside in, at the isometric point, for reconstruction of the collateral ligament and popliteus tendon, and emerging in the joint region at the anatomic point of the ACL reconstruction. The graft is passed from the tibia to the femur with the double gracilis tendon and the simple semitendinosus tendon; the remaining portions are left for reconstruction of the structures of the PLC. This technique is very effective in terms of minimizing the number of tunnels, but it does rely on having grafts of adequate size.

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