Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

22 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

The occurrence of known Myxobolus and Thelohanellus species (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) from Indian major carps with the description of Myxobolus bandyopadhyayi n. sp. in West Bengal.

ABSTRACT: Myxosporean infection of Indian major carps (rohu, Labeo rohita; catla, Gibelion catla; mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala) was examined from two fish farms and two fish markets in West Bengal, India. One Thelohanellus and four Myxobolus species were detected from the fins and scales of the investigated species. Comprehensive morphological and molecular biological studies revealed four already known species, Thelohanellus caudatus from the fins of rohu, Myxobolus dermiscalis from the scales of rohu, Myxobolus chakravartyi from the fins of catla, and Myxobolus rewensis from the fins of mrigal. This study complemented the species description of M. chakravartyi and M. rewensis with the missing molecular data. Moreover, based on morphometrics and ssrDNA sequence data, a new species was documented from the scales of rohu, and named Myxobolus bandyopadhyayi n. sp.

SUBMITTER: Szekely C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8334371 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Remarks on the validity of Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus and Myxobolus honghuensis (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) based on SSU rDNA sequences.

Project description:In the present study, we isolated three populations of Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus from the gills of crucian carp, Carassius auratus auratus, two from Yongchuan, Chongqing area and one from Poyang Lake, Jiangxi area, China, sequenced their complete small subunit ribosome RNA gene, analyzed their genetic distance and gene similarity, and explored their relationship based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of their small subunit ribosomal DNA. The results combined with their morphological characteristics suggest that M. ampullicapsulatus infecting the gills and pharynx of allogynogenetic gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, should be Myxobolus honghuensis. This study highlights the importance of DNA sequence comparisons for distinguishing Myxobolus species and indicates that the intra-species identification for the two Myxobolus species mentioned in the present research should be less than ten variation sites. In morphology, M. honghuensis Liu et al. (2012) parasitic on the gills of C. auratus auratus (goldfish) was collected from Chongqing area, and its mature spore was 16.5-19.5 × 8.5-10.0 μm in size, polar capsule was 7.0-10.0 × 2.5-4.0 μm in size, and polar filament had 9-10 coils. M. honghuensis Liu et al. (2012) isolated from the pharynx of C. auratus gibelio was sampled in Hubei area, and its mature spore was 15.1-19.5 × 9.0-11.3 μm in size, polar capsule was 7.9-8.1 × 3.0-4.5 μm in size, and polar filament had 7-8 coils.

| S-EPMC3825597 | biostudies-literature

Pathological and immunological analyses of Thelohanellus kitauei (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) infection in the scattered mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio.

Project description:Thelohanellus kitauei is a spore-forming myxosporean parasite prevalent in scattered mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) that generates numerous cysts in the intestine and causes mass mortality in fish. To investigate the infection and mortality induced by T. kitauei in pond-reared farms in Luo-Jiang (104°51'N, 31°31'E), southwest China, morphological and molecular analyses of infected fish were conducted. Natural and specific immune indicators were further evaluated to determine the immunological effects of response to parasitic infection. The infectious parasite was identified as Thelohanellus kitauei based on morphological, 18S rDNA and infectious characteristics. Scattered mirror carp was determined as the specific intermediate host of the parasite. However, T. kitauei still caused considerable damage to the fish, in particular, injury and blockage of the intestines, resulting in malnutrition and even death. The mature spores of T. kitauei colonize the intestinal submucosa of carp and form cysts of various sizes that block the intestinal tract and release spores into the enteric cavity upon rupture, leading to the next phase of T. kitauei growth. Moreover, T. kitauei-infected carp showed weaker innate immunity. IgM is involved in the fight against parasitic infection while cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, had an impact on infection processes. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that T. kitauei infects and causes death in scattered mirror carp. Our collective findings from systematic pathology, morphology and immunology experiments provide a foundation for further research on infections by this type of parasite and development of effective treatment strategies.

| S-EPMC6934683 | biostudies-literature

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of Thelohanellus qadrii (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) infecting the secondary gill epithelium of Indian major carp, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822).

Project description:Myxosporean taxonomy which is traditionally based on the morphology of the myxospore stage, is in a state of flux given new insights provided by the expanding dataset of DNA sequences. To date, more than 40 species of Thelohanellus from India have been described according to morphometric characteristics. Nevertheless, molecular data on these histozoic myxosporean parasites of freshwater fish are scarce. In the present study, molecular characterizations of Thelohanellus qadrii infecting the secondary gill epithelium of Indian major carp Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) and its phylogenetic relationship is reported. The sub-adult cultured catla were observed to have low to moderate gill myxosporean infections. The morphometry of mature spores was in compliance with original descriptions of T. qadrii. Based on the analysis of 18S rRNA gene, phylogenetic clusters which were established according to a consensus sequence, illustrated the taxonomic placement of a series of myxobolids. The DNA sequence homogeneity of T. qadrii (KF170928) with other Thelohanllus spp. ranged from 78% to 95% and formed a dichotomy with cyprinid gill lamellae infecting T. toyamai (HQ338729). Distance matrix results indicated a high genetic diversity among myxosporeans. The present report is the first on the molecular and phylogenetic characterizations of T. qadrii.

| S-EPMC5019299 | biostudies-literature

Molecular characterization of Myxobolus cuttacki (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of minor carp Labeo bata (Ham.).

Project description:As new pathogenic strains are emerging and threatening aquaculture development, myxosporeans (Myxozoa) are receiving much attention in recent years. Myxosporean taxonomy is traditionally based on morphology of the myxospore stage. Molecular data on Indian myxosporeans are rare. In this report, the 18S rRNA gene sequence of Myxobolus cuttacki infecting gill lamellae of minor carp Labeo bata (Ham.) and its phylogenetic relationship with other myxobolids are described for the first time. The plasmodia of M. cuttacki were 0.5-0.9 mm in size and whitish with a round to oval shape. The mean mature spore size was 16.10×7.05 μm. The 18S rRNA nucleotide sequence with 1703 bp of M. cuttacki (accession number KF465682) clustered phylogenetically with other Myxobolus spp. infecting cyprinid gills with 78-90% homogeneity. The gill lamellae infecting M. catmrigalae (KC933944) and M. orissae (KF448527) of Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala from India, exhibited 86% and 81% homogeneity with M. cuttacki, respectively. The infection rate was low to moderate on the gills which can have a negative impact on respiratory and physiological functions and subsequently on fish production.

| S-EPMC5019309 | biostudies-literature

Myxosporea (Myxozoa, Cnidaria) Lack DNA Cytosine Methylation.

Project description:DNA cytosine methylation is central to many biological processes, including regulation of gene expression, cellular differentiation, and development. This DNA modification is conserved across animals, having been found in representatives of sponges, ctenophores, cnidarians, and bilaterians, and with very few known instances of secondary loss in animals. Myxozoans are a group of microscopic, obligate endoparasitic cnidarians that have lost many genes over the course of their evolution from free-living ancestors. Here, we investigated the evolution of the key enzymes involved in DNA cytosine methylation in 29 cnidarians and found that these enzymes were lost in an ancestor of Myxosporea (the most speciose class of Myxozoa). Additionally, using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, we confirmed that the genomes of two distant species of myxosporeans, Ceratonova shasta and Henneguya salminicola, completely lack DNA cytosine methylation. Our results add a notable and novel taxonomic group, the Myxosporea, to the very short list of animal taxa lacking DNA cytosine methylation, further illuminating the complex evolutionary history of this epigenetic regulatory mechanism.

| S-EPMC7826176 | biostudies-literature

The phylogenetic position of Myxoboluscarnaticus (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) based on 18S rRNA sequence analysis.

Project description:Myxozoans are an economically important group of microscopic parasites best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish hosts. The classification of myxosporeans is generally based on the morphology of their myxospores. Without molecular data, it is very difficult to identify new or existing species. DNA sequence information is therefore, a prerequisite to taxonomic and phylogenic studies of myxosporeans. In the present study, a myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus carnaticus, infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, was characterized by the 18S rRNA gene sequence. The DNA sequence of M. carnaticus clustered phylogenetically with other gill infecting Myxobolus spp. of freshwater clades, forming a dichotomy with closely related M. pavlovskii (HM991164) that infects the gill lamellae epithelium of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with 95% similarity. Evolutionary pair-wise distances among M. carnaticus and other species of myxosporeans indicated high genetic diversity among myxosporeans. The present study demonstrated that tissue tropism, host specificity and habitat play important roles in phylogenetic relationships among myxozoan species.

| S-EPMC5019204 | biostudies-literature

Morphological and molecular description of a new species of Myxobolus (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infecting Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846) from India.

Project description:The present paper describes a novel species of Myxobolus parasitizing the gill filaments of the largescale mullet, Planiliza macrolepis from Cochin backwaters, Kerala, India. The parasite develops in the gill filaments; plasmodia elongated, milky white, measured 1.37-2.18 (1.78 ± 0.35) mm × 0.07-0.12 (0.10 ± 0.02) mm in size. Mature myxospores ovoid in valvular view, biconvex in sutural view with smooth shell valves and measured 6.24-7.02 (6.63 ± 0.23) × 5.01-6.18 (5.68 ± 0.25) μm in size. Polar capsules equal, oval with pointed anterior ends, 3.07-3.58 (3.33 ± 0.12) × 1.68-2.42 (2.09 ± 0.18) μm in size. Polar filaments with 4 coils, measured 29.61 ± 4.75 μm in length when extruded. Sporoplasm binucleate with a rudimentary nucleus and a vacuole. A comparison with related Myxobolus species revealed significant morphological and morphometric differences. In BLASTN and genetic distance analysis, the present parasite showed high divergence with other myxosporean sequences, indicating its molecular uniqueness. In Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analysis, the present species stands out with M. ramadus as sister branch within the Myxobolus clade. In infected gill filaments, the plasmodia caused swelling/deformation, compression of lamellae and reduction in respiratory surface area. Three of 222 P. macrolepis screened were infected, indicating a prevalence of 1.3%. Considering the morphological, morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic differences with the previously described species of myxosporeans, along with the dissimilarities in host and geographical locations, the present parasite is treated as a new species and the name Myxobolus cochinensis n. sp. is proposed.

| S-EPMC8556469 | biostudies-literature

Multiple evolutionary routes of the single polar capsule in Thelohanellus species (Myxozoa; Myxobolidae).

Project description:Thelohanellus Kudo, 1933 is a species rich genus of Myxosporea, sharing many morphological similarities with species of Myxobolus but the former possesses a single polar capsule, and the latter has two. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, this single distinguishing feature is not monophyletic, and members of Thelohanellus are intermixed with Myxobolus species, calling into question the validity of genus Thelohanellus. The occurrence of two polar capsules in a small proportion of Thelohanellus spores as observed in this study suggests that these species have the capacity to express this Myxobolus-like trait, clouding the distinction of these two genera further. Herein, using the most comprehensive data set to date, we explored the phylogenetic relationships of Thelohanellus to other myxobolids, to investigate the evolutionary history of the genus Thelohanellus and the origins of single polar capsule in this group. The phylogenetic analyses and statistical tests of topology revealed Thelohanellus as a strongly supported polyphyletic lineage, clustering in five distinct branches within Myxobolus clade. Ancestral state reconstruction for polar capsule number showed that Thelohanellus species have evolved from myxosporean species with two polar capsules at least four times, which could be classified in three possible evolutionary pathways. The polyphyly of Thelohanellus and the multiple evolutionary origins of single polar capsule of Thelohanellus demonstrate that the distinction of this genus from Myxobolus is largely for convenience, and does not reflect their evolutionary history.

| S-EPMC6319017 | biostudies-literature

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of Thelohanellus boggoti Qadri, 1962 (Cnidaria, Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) infecting the fin of Indian minor carp Labeo dero (Hamilton, 1822).

Project description:A myxozoan parasite belonging to the genus Thelohanellus Kudo, 1933 (Cnidaria, Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) was isolated from the fins of Labeo dero inhabiting Ranjit Sagar Wetland, Punjab, India. The plasmodium was 0.5-0.7 mm in diameter each containing 80- 100 number of myxospores. Myxospores were egg shaped to ovoidal in valvular view having bluntly pointed anterior and broad rounded posterior end measuring 8.36x 4.77 µm. Polar capsule was single, broadly pyriform in shape, measuring 4.77x3.98 µm in size containing a polar filament coiled perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of myxospore body making 7-9 turns. Blast analysis of 18S rDNA sequence of the isolate demonstrated 98% homogeneity with Thelohanellus sp. (KU155561, Unpublished), followed by 91% with T. caudatus (KM252684) and Thelohanellus sp. FCO (KR819273). The intensity of infection was recorded to be light as indicated by fin plasmodial index (FPI = 1). In the present study, T. boggoti has been described using 18S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA.6.

| S-EPMC5396810 | biostudies-literature

Morphological description and molecular identification of Myxobolus dajiangensis n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) from the gill of Cyprinus carpio in southwest China.

Project description:BackgroundMyxosporean diversity is a hot topic since they are difficult to accurately identify and classify. Many Myxobolus parasites have been named as Myxobolus koi because of their similar morphological features with the species originally reported. However, the distinctions in fine morphological features, host specificity, and molecular data have given rise to the attention of researchers.MethodsThe classical morphometric and histological methods were used to describe the Myxobolus dajiangensis n. sp. in morphology. The common techniques in modern molecular biology and the methods of phylogenetic analyses were combined to identify the species.ResultsPlasmodia of interlamellar-vascular type were found in the vascular network of gill lamellae. Mature myxospores of M. dajiangensis n. sp. were elongated and pyriform from the frontal view. The myxospores were 14.8 ± 0.4 (13.9-15.6) µm in length, 8.0 ± 0.5 (7.2-9.1) µm in width, and 5.5 µm in thickness. The two polar capsules were pyriform and slightly different in length. The length of the larger polar capsules was 8.0 ± 0.4 (7.1-8.8) µm, and it was 7.4 ± 0.4 (6.1-8.0) µm for the smaller ones. The width of both polar capsules was 2.5 ± 0.2 (2.0-3.2) µm. The polar filaments within the polar capsules were each coiled nine to 11 turns. Comparative analysis of both the morphological and molecular data between the present speices and other similar species revealed that the present species is a novel species, Myxobolus dajiangensis n. sp. Also, M. koi (FJ710800) was misidentified and the congener with M. dajiangensis n. sp., depending on the secondary structures of SSU rRNA and phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, the cryptic species existed in the M. koi parasites.

| S-EPMC8900608 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data