Project description:BackgroundAccessory mitral valve tissue rarely causes left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in adults. It is often associated with other cardiac and vascular congenital malformations. Here, we report the rarest presentation of accessory mitral valve tissue (AMVT) causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.Case summaryA 22-year-old female patient presented with a history of shortness of breath and chest pain for more than 5 years. A diagnosis of AMVT with parachute mitral valve, ventricular septal defect (VSD), bicuspid aortic valve, unruptured aneurysm of aortic sinus, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was made. Successful closure of VSD with mitral valve replacement, excision of AMVT, and repair of the aortic sinus were performed. The post-operative course was uneventful, and an echocardiogram showed complete resection of the accessory mitral valve, no residual shunt and no left ventricular outflow gradient. Additionally, the peak gradient of rapid filling phase and atrial systolic phase across the prosthetic mitral valve were 16 mmHg and 4 mmHg, respectively. The peak velocity across left ventricular outflow tract was 1.4 m/s.DiscussionAccessory mitral valve tissue is associated with other cardiac abnormalities and is usually diagnosed in the first or second decade of life. It is responsible for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The obstruction can occur in the early period of life due to continued deposition of fibrous tissues within left ventricular outflow tract. Accessory mitral valve tissue should be considered a rare but important cause of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Project description:The authors describe a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with concomitant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and aortic stenosis. Detailed haemodynamic assessment of the serial lesions was performed. Alcohol septal ablation resulted in a significant reduction of gradients across the left ventricular outflow tract.
Project description:Innocent left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) membranes are a rare entity and found incidentally on echocardiography. The authors report a case of innocent LVOT membrane in a patient who was admitted with ischaemic stroke. Initial transthoracic echocardiography showed a possible valvular vegetation which was thought to be the cause of embolic stroke. Anticoagulation with coumadin and antibiotics were started. Subsequent Transesophageal echocardiography showed that it was more consistent with innocent LVOT membrane and not vegetation. Anticoagulation and antibiotics were discontinued, and on a follow-up over 5 years later, the membrane was stable in size and location without any complications.
Project description:Surgical and rarely transcatheter aortic valve replacement can be complicated by intracardiac fistula. Transcatheter closure of those shunts has been previously reported with favorable results. We describe a case of percutaneous closure of left ventricular outflow tract-to-left atrium fistula after surgical aortic valve replacement using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
Project description:Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) has been reported with bio-prosthetic and mechanical mitral valves (MV), though it is more common with the former. The obstruction can be dynamic or fixed. We hereby report a case of fixed LVOTO following bio-prosthetic MV replacement (MVR).
Project description:Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) complicated with unstable angina (uAP) has not been described widely, but patients with these two conditions have several problems. Differentiation of the two conditions is also often difficult because the chest symptoms are similar. Moreover, nitrates are commonly used for ischemic heart disease, but have the effect of worsening LVOTO. We experienced three cases of dynamic LVOTO with a sigmoid-shaped septum, and without typical hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, that were complicated with uAP. In all cases, LVOTO was improved after initial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the left anterior descending artery lesion. Next, a dobutamine stress test was performed and LVOTO was provoked again in two cases, but not in a case with small acute myocardial infarction of the basal septum during PCI. All cases remained asymptomatic with beta-blocker therapy. Therefore, PCI and beta-blocker administration for LVOTO with uAP resulted in favorable clinical courses in all three cases. These outcomes suggest that revascularization including PCI should have priority in the therapeutic strategy for a case of acute coronary syndrome with LVOTO.
Project description:We present a 74-year-old woman with kyphosis and symptoms of pre/syncope. Heart catheterization revealed dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) with Brockenbrough Braunwald response only when kyphotic posture was assumed. She had a positive response to metoprolol. DLVOTO is a challenging diagnosis in the absence of resting LVOTO. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
Project description:We describe the first case of successful management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction developing late after transcatheter aortic valve replacement with right ventricular apical pacing. The possible mechanisms of obstruction resolution are described. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).