Dataset Information

Factors associated with development of symptomatic disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 patients: a case-control study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Studies show that having some symptoms seems to be associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, knowing who is more susceptible to symptomatic COVID-19 disease is important to provide targeted preventive and management practice. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with the development of symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted from August to September 2020 among a randomly selected 730 COVID-19 patients (337 Asymptomatic and 393 Symptomatic patients). Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the cases (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic), where p-value of < 0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the independent variables and developing symptomatic COVID-19 where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.

Results

The result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.87, p-value = 0.002 for 30-39 years; AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.73, p-value = 0.028 for 40-49 years and AOR = 4.42, 95% CI = 2.75, 7.12, p-value = 0.0001 for ≥50 years), sex (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.26, 2.45, p-value = 0.001) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.92, 7.94, p-value = 0.0001) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions

Developing a symptomatic COVID-19 disease was found to be associated with exposures of old age, male sex, and being diabetic. Therefore, patients with the above factors should be given enough attention in the prevention and management process, including inpatient management, to pick symptoms earlier and to manage accordingly so that these patients can have a favorable treatment outcome.

SUBMITTER: Leulseged TW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8339680 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic started a little later in Ethiopia than the rest of the world and most of the initial cases were reported to have a milder disease course and a favorable outcome. This changed as the disease spread into the population and the more vulnerable began to develop severe disease. Understanding the risk factors for severe disease in Ethiopia was needed to provide optimal health care services in a resource limited setting.ObjectiveThe study assessed COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia for characteristics associated with COVID-19 disease severity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2020 among 686 randomly selected patients. Chi-square test was used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the patients based on disease severity (Mild vs Moderate vs Severe). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR and P-values were used for significance testing.ResultsHaving moderate as compared with mild disease was significantly associated with having hypertension (AOR = 2.30, 95%CI = 1.27,4.18), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.31,5.19for diabetes mellitus), fever (AOR = 6.12, 95%CI = 2.94,12.72) and headache (AOR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.39,5.22). Similarly, having severe disease as compared with mild disease was associated with age group (AOR = 4.43, 95%CI = 2.49,7.85 for 40-59 years and AOR = 18.07, 95%CI = 9.29,35.14for ≥ 60 years), sex (AOR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.12,3.03), hypertension (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.08,3.59), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 3.93, 95%CI = 1.96,7.85), fever (AOR = 13.22, 95%CI = 6.11, 28.60) and headache (AOR = 4.82, 95%CI = 2.32, 9.98). In addition, risk factors of severe disease as compared with moderate disease were found to be significantly associated with age group (AOR = 4.87, 95%CI = 2.85, 8.32 for 40-59 years and AOR = 18.91, 95%CI = 9.84,36.331 for ≥ 60 years), fever (AOR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.29,3.63) and headache (AOR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.03, 3.11).ConclusionsSignificant factors associated with severe COVID-19 in Ethiopia are being older than 60 years old, male, a diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the presence of fever and headache. This is consistent with severity indicators identified by WHO and suggests the initial finding of milder disease in Ethiopia may have been because the first people to get COVID-19 in the country were the relatively younger with fewer health problems.

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