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Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan as Complementary Therapy of Fluoropyrimidine-Based Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the roles of low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF) in enhancing the anti-cancer effects of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. HCT116 and Caco-2 cells were treated with LMWF and 5-FU. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration were analyzed in both cell types. Potential mechanisms underlying how LMWF enhances the anti-cancer effects of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy were also explored. The cell viability of HCT116 and Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced after treatment with a LMWF--5FU combination. In HCT116 cells, LMWF enhanced the suppressive effects of 5-FU on cell viability through the (1) induction of cell cycle arrest in the S phase and (2) late apoptosis mediated by the Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In Caco-2 cells, LMWF enhanced the suppressive effects of 5-FU on cell viability through both the c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)/Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the c-MET/phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. Moreover, LMWF enhanced the suppressive effects of 5-FU on tumor cell migration through the c-MET/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 signaling pathway in both HCT116 and Caco-2 cells. Our results demonstrated that LMWF is a potential complementary therapy for enhancing the efficacies of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with the wild-type or mutated KRAS gene through different mechanisms. However, in vivo studies and in clinical trials are required in order to validate the results of the present study.

SUBMITTER: Huang CW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8347453 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundPatients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) than those without cancer. Little is known regarding their CV risk after operative chemotherapy. We aimed to compare the risk of CV disease among different fluoropyrimidine derivatives.MethodsWe assembled a nationwide cohort of patients with newly diagnosed CRC between 2004 and 2015 who received fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy for resected CRC by linking the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR), National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), and Taiwan Death Registry (TDR). All eligible patients were followed from CRC diagnosis (index date) until a CV event, death, loss to follow-up, or December 31st 2018, whichever came first. CV outcomes included acute myocardial infarction (AMI), life-threatening arrhythmia (LTA), congestive heart failure (CHF), and ischemic stroke (IS). We used stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score (SIPTW) to balance all covariates among the three chemotherapy groups: tegafur-uracil (UFT), non-UFT, and mixed. In addition, survival analysis was conducted to examine the association between study outcomes and chemotherapy groups.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2015, 10,615 (32.8%) patients received UFT alone, 14,511 (44.8%) patients received non-UFT, and 7,224 (22.3%) patients received mixed chemotherapy. After SIPTW, the UFT group had significantly lower all-cause mortality and cancer-related death rates than the other two chemotherapy groups. However, the UFT group had significantly higher rates of cancer death, ischemic stroke, and heart failure than those of the other two chemotherapy groups. The UFT group also had a significantly higher AMI rate than the mixed group. There was no significant difference in LTA among the three groups. Similar findings were observed in the subgroup analysis (stage II and age <70 years, stage II and age ≥70 years, stage III and age <70 years, stage III and age ≥70 years) as the overall population was observed.ConclusionHigher heart failure and ischemic stroke rates were found in the UFT group than in the other two chemotherapy groups, especially those with stage III CRC and ≥70 years of age. Careful monitoring of this subset of patients when prescribing UFT is warranted.

Project description:BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality currently lacks effective therapeutics. Fucoidan is sulfated polysaccharide that is mainly found in brown seaweeds. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of low molecular weight fucoidan (i.e. oligo-fucoidan [OF]) preventing hepatocarcinogenesis.MethodsWe used [HBx,src], [HBx,src,p53-/+ ], and [CD36] transgenic zebrafish liver cancer model treated with OF, and performed molecular and histopathological analysis. Transcriptomic and pathways analysis was performed.ResultsDecreased expression of lipogenic enzymes, fibrosis markers, and cell cycle/proliferation markers by OF in [HBx,src] and [HBx,src,p53-/+ ] transgenic fish. Liver fibrosis was decreased as revealed by Sirius Red staining, and the liver cancer formation was eventually reduced by feeding OF. OF was also found to be capable of reducing lipid accumulation and cancer formation in non-B non-C Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in CD36 transgenic zebrafish. Whole-genome expression analysis showed that 661 genes were up-regulated, and 451 genes were downregulated by feeding OF. Upregulated genes were mostly found in protein transporter activity, and downregulated genes were enriched with response to extracellular stimulus and metal binding in gene ontology analysis. The driver gene was HNF4A revealed by NetworkAnalyst from OF differential regulated genes at various insults. OF is able to bind the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR) in hepatoma cells, and increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in both hepatoma cells and [HBx,src,p53-/+ ] transgenic fish liver cancer model. Using chromatin-immunoprecipitation, we found pSTAT3 could associate with the P1 promoter of HNF4A. Knockdown of either ASGR or HNF4A reversed OF mediated anti-cancer cell proliferation.ConclusionsTaken together, we provide evidence that OF exhibits the anti-HCC, anti-steatosis, and anti-fibrosis effect for liver in zebrafish models, and the anti-cancer potential of OF attributed to the binding to ASGR and activation of STAT3/HNF4A signaling. OF might be potentially valuable for the management of HCC.

Project description:The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in the early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still disappointing and the prediction of treatment outcome quite difficult. Recently, through a transcriptomic approach, we evidenced a role of PNN and KCNQ1OT1 gene expression in predicting response to fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III CRC patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate in an independent cohort of stages IIIII CRC patients our previous findings. PNN and KCNQ1OT1 mRNA expression levels were evaluated in 74 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor and matched normal mucosa samples obtained by stages IIIII CRC patients treated with fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. PININ, the protein encoded by PNN, was immunohistochemically evaluated in 15 tumor and corresponding normal mucosa samples, selected on the basis of a low, medium, or high mRNA expression tumor/mucosa ratio. PNN and KCNQ1OT1 mRNA mean expression levels were significantly higher in tumor compared with normal tissues. Patients with high PNN or KCNQ1OT1 tumor mRNA levels according to ROC-based cutoffs showed a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) compared with patients with low tumor mRNA gene expression. Also, patients with tumor mRNA expression values of both genes below the identified cutoffs had a significantly longer DFS compared with patients with the expression of one or both genes above the cutoffs. In a representative large cohort of stages IIIII CRC untreated patients retrieved from GEO datasets, no difference in DFS was observed between patients with high and low PNN or KCNQ1OT1 gene expression levels. These data confirm our previous findings and underscore the relevance of PNN and KCNQ1OT1 expression in predicting DFS in early stages of CRC treated with fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. If further validated in a prospective case series, both biomarkers could be used to identify patients who benefit from this treatment and to offer alternative chemotherapy regimens to potential unresponsive patients. In relation to the suggested biological role of PNN and KCNQ1OT1 in CRC, they might also be exploited as potential therapeutic targets.

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Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan as Complementary Therapy of Fluoropyrimidine-Based Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer.

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