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Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial and Fungal Degradation of Pyrene: Mechanism Pathway Including Biochemical Reaction and Catabolic Genes.

ABSTRACT: Microbial biodegradation is one of the acceptable technologies to remediate and control the pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Several bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria strains have been isolated and used for bioremediation purpose. This review paper is intended to provide key information on the various steps and actors involved in the bacterial and fungal aerobic and anaerobic degradation of pyrene, a high molecular weight PAH, including catabolic genes and enzymes, in order to expand our understanding on pyrene degradation. The aerobic degradation pathway by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PRY-1 and Mycobactetrium sp. KMS and the anaerobic one, by the facultative bacteria anaerobe Pseudomonas sp. JP1 and Klebsiella sp. LZ6 are reviewed and presented, to describe the complete and integrated degradation mechanism pathway of pyrene. The different microbial strains with the ability to degrade pyrene are listed, and the degradation of pyrene by consortium is also discussed. The future studies on the anaerobic degradation of pyrene would be a great initiative to understand and address the degradation mechanism pathway, since, although some strains are identified to degrade pyrene in reduced or total absence of oxygen, the degradation pathway of more than 90% remains unclear and incomplete. Additionally, the present review recommends the use of the combination of various strains of anaerobic fungi and a fungi consortium and anaerobic bacteria to achieve maximum efficiency of the pyrene biodegradation mechanism.

SUBMITTER: Elyamine AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8347714 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:UnlabelledKinetic isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen during RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) biodegradation was investigated with pure bacterial cultures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Relatively large bulk enrichments in (15)N were observed during biodegradation of RDX via anaerobic ring cleavage (ε(15)N = -12.7‰ ± 0.8‰) and anaerobic nitro reduction (ε(15)N = -9.9‰ ± 0.7‰), in comparison to smaller effects during biodegradation via aerobic denitration (ε(15)N = -2.4‰ ± 0.2‰). (13)C enrichment was negligible during aerobic RDX biodegradation (ε(13)C = -0.8‰ ± 0.5‰) but larger during anaerobic degradation (ε(13)C = -4.0‰ ± 0.8‰), with modest variability among genera. Dual-isotope ε(13)C/ε(15)N analyses indicated that the three biodegradation pathways could be distinguished isotopically from each other and from abiotic degradation mechanisms. Compared to the initial RDX bulk δ(15)N value of +9‰, δ(15)N values of the NO2 (-) released from RDX ranged from -7‰ to +2‰ during aerobic biodegradation and from -42‰ to -24‰ during anaerobic biodegradation. Numerical reaction models indicated that N isotope effects of NO2 (-) production were much larger than, but systematically related to, the bulk RDX N isotope effects with different bacteria. Apparent intrinsic ε(15)N-NO2 (-) values were consistent with an initial denitration pathway in the aerobic experiments and more complex processes of NO2 (-) formation associated with anaerobic ring cleavage. These results indicate the potential for isotopic analysis of residual RDX for the differentiation of degradation pathways and indicate that further efforts to examine the isotopic composition of potential RDX degradation products (e.g., NOx) in the environment are warranted.ImportanceThis work provides the first systematic evaluation of the isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen in the organic explosive RDX during degradation by different pathways. It also provides data on the isotopic effects observed in the nitrite produced during RDX biodegradation. Both of these results could lead to better understanding of the fate of RDX in the environment and help improve monitoring and remediation technologies.

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Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial and Fungal Degradation of Pyrene: Mechanism Pathway Including Biochemical Reaction and Catabolic Genes.

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