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The efficacy of ilizarov method for management of long tibial bone and soft tissue defect.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Patients with open fracture Gustillo-Anderson grade 3 had undergone several surgical procedures, but still ended up with expose long dead bone or infected. Illizarov method was used to address long bone and soft tissue defect after re-debridement with radical resection of long dead bone or infected segment.

Methods

We included 14 patients (mean age: 30.86 ± 11.49) with non-union tibial fracture with long dead and infected bone segment who had undergone several debridement, bone grafting or spacer and soft tissue closure procedure due to open fracture of tibia grade 3. The subjects underwent re-debridement with radical resection of dead or infected bone segment followed by Illizarov method to perform bone transport procedure for bone defect filling and simultaneously restore severe soft tissue loss and bone lengthening procedure.

Results

All subjects had achieved satisfactory results with mean docking period of bone transport 3.78 ± 0.54 months, union time at the docking side 7 (5.5-9) months. Soft tissue was covered and no recurrence of infection. Three subjects had Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) of 1 cm, whereas the remaining had zero discrepancy. No significant pain was observed at final follow-up and 4 patients had ankle joint stiffness.

Conclusion

The Illizarov method can effectively address long bone and soft tissue defects by distraction osteogenesis through bone transport procedure that filling the defect gradually without bone graft and simultaneously enhancing soft tissue closure without tertiary soft tissue procedure subsequently followed with bone lengthening procedure to correct the limb length discrepancy.

SUBMITTER: Miraj F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8350182 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundIlizarov method has become one of primary methods for treating bone defects. Currently, there is growing trend in the application of modified Ilizarov methods (e.g., applying unilateral external fixators or with flap tissue) and its combined methods (e.g., Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer or internal fixation) to manage bone defects. However, there is a lack of studies with systematical evaluation of the clinical effects of these evolving methods. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis for overall evaluating the clinical effects on long bone defects of lower extremity in Ilizarov methods and its combined methods.MethodsStudies were identified in three electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library) from the earliest indexing year through November 01, 2022, and relevant data were extracted subsequently. The total number of participants, number of participants with bone unions, bone result or functional result, and related complications including pin infection, pin loosening, pain, refracture, limb discrepancy, malalignment, joint stiffness, recurrent infection, and amputation were extracted in this study. Then, union rate (defined as the proportion of patients who achieved bone unions) and specific complication incidence rate (defined as the proportion of patients who experienced specific complication) were pooled estimated respectively. Relative risk (RR) was used for comparing the clinical effects among various Ilizarov technique.ResultsSixty-eight case series studies, 29 comparative studies, and 3 randomized clinical trials were finally included. The union rate of Ilizarov methods was 99.29% (95% CI: 98.67% ~ 99.86%) in tibial defects and 98.81% (95% CI: 98.81% ~ 100.00%) in femoral defects. The union rate of Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer and intramedullary nail in tibial defects was 99.58% (95% CI: 98.05% ~ 100.00%) and 95.02% (95% CI: 87.28% ~ 100.00%), respectively. Compared to the Ilizarov methods, the union rate of the Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer in tibial defects increased slightly (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 1.04). Meanwhile, compared to Ilizarov methods, we found lower excellent rate in bone result in Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer, with the moderate to high heterogeneity. Compared to the Ilizarov method, lower rate of pin infection, higher rate of recurrent infection and amputation were observed in Ilizarov method with intramedullary nail, however, the findings about the comparison of pin infection and recurrent infection between the two groups were presented with high degree of statistical heterogeneity.ConclusionOur study confirmed the reliable treatment of Ilizarov methods and its combined technique on long bone defects, and founded there were significant differences on some complications rate between Ilizarov methods and its combined technique. However, the findings need to be confirmed by further studies.