Dataset Information

Laboratory-conﬁrmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the population treated at social security.

ABSTRACT: The scientific community has questioned whether reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is possible. Gradually, cases of reinfection have been documented. In Mexico, people with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection have not been officially identified. To allow a retrospective investigation of patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and to identify how reinfected with this virus occurs in a population that requires medical attention. A retrospective search of the epidemiological surveillance system was performed to identify people who met the clinical criteria based on laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and temporality to identify cases of reinfection. Clinical information was collected from clinical records. Seven people with two separate COVID-19 events were identified in medical units in Quintana Roo, Mexico between April and December 2020. The overall median interval between the two events was 156 days (61-191 days). Six people were health workers, and one was a member of the general population. This is one of the first reports of reinfection in health personnel in Mexico, revealing that the frequency of reinfection is low among positive cases and that the interval between infection episodes was three months. There are several scenarios in the natural history of the disease that must be considered based on adequate anamnesis with a clinical-epidemiological approach to determine the correct diagnostic category.

SUBMITTER: Santiago-Espinosa O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8351271 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Laboratory-conﬁrmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the population treated at social security.

Santiago-Espinosa Oscar O Prieto-Torres María Erandhi ME Cabrera-Gaytán David Alejandro DA

Respiratory medicine case reports 20210809

The scientific community has questioned whether reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is possible. Gradually, cases of reinfection have been documented. In Mexico, people with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection have not been officially identified. To allow a retrospective investigation of patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and to identify how reinfected with this virus occurs in a population that requires medical attention. A retrospective search of the epidemiological surveillance system was performed to identif ...[more]

PMID: 34395189

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Project description:As public health guidelines throughout the world have relaxed in response to vaccination campaigns against SARS-CoV-2, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 will remain endemic, fueled by the rise of more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants. Moreover, in the setting of waning natural and vaccine immunity, reinfections have emerged across the globe, even among previously infected and vaccinated individuals. As such, the ability to detect reexposure to and reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 is a key component for global protection against this virus and, more importantly, against the potential emergence of vaccine escape mutations. Accordingly, there is a strong and continued need for the development and deployment of simple methods to detect emerging hot spots of reinfection to inform targeted pandemic response and containment, including targeted and specific deployment of vaccine booster campaigns. In this study, we identify simple, rapid immune biomarkers of reinfection in rhesus macaques, including IgG3 antibody levels against nucleocapsid and FcγR2A receptor binding activity of anti-RBD antibodies, that are recapitulated in human reinfection cases. As such, this cross-species analysis underscores the potential utility of simple antibody titers and function as price-effective and scalable markers of reinfection to provide increased resolution and resilience against new outbreaks. IMPORTANCE As public health and social distancing guidelines loosen in the setting of waning global natural and vaccine immunity, a deeper understanding of the immunological response to reexposure and reinfection to this highly contagious pathogen is necessary to maintain public health. Viral sequencing analysis provides a robust but unrealistic means to monitor reinfection globally. The identification of scalable pathogen-specific biomarkers of reexposure and reinfection, however, could significantly accelerate our capacity to monitor the spread of the virus through naive and experienced hosts, providing key insights into mechanisms of disease attenuation. Using a nonhuman primate model of controlled SARS-CoV-2 reexposure, we deeply probed the humoral immune response following rechallenge with various doses of viral inocula. We identified virus-specific humoral biomarkers of reinfection, with significant increases in antibody titer and function upon rechallenge across a range of humoral features, including IgG1 to the receptor binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (RBD), IgG3 to the nucleocapsid protein (N), and FcγR2A receptor binding to anti-RBD antibodies. These features not only differentiated primary infection from reexposure and reinfection in monkeys but also were recapitulated in a sequencing-confirmed reinfection patient and in a cohort of putatively reinfected humans that evolved a PCR-positive test in spite of preexisting seropositivity. As such, this cross-species analysis using a controlled primate model and human cohorts reveals increases in antibody titers as promising cross-validated serological markers of reinfection and reexposure.

Dataset Information

Laboratory-conﬁrmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the population treated at social security.

Publications

Laboratory-conﬁrmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the population treated at social security.

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