Poor haemoglobin-haematocrit agreement in apparently healthy adult population; a cross-sectional study in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana.
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ABSTRACT: Background
This study estimated total body water (TBW), daily water intake (DWI) and haemoglobin-haematocrit relationship in adults in a tropical environment where active lifestyles could precipitate plasma volume contraction.Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 170 participants, and was carried out between February 2018 and May 2018 at University of Cape Coast. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain demographic data and DWI. Five ml of venous blood sample was drawn for full blood count, haemoglobin variant determination, serum sodium and potassium levels. TBW was estimated using Chumlea's anthropometric equation. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 under two-tail assumption.Results
Whereas 72.3% had low haematocrit, only 22.4% were anaemic per haemoglobin cut-off demonstrating a poor haemoglobin-haematocrit correlation. Also, whereas 30% of participants had low TBW, 22.9% had hypernatraemia, with 97.1% reporting DWI of <3 L. Bland-Altman plot showed that calculated haematocrit (HCT = Hb∗3) underestimated HCT by a factor of 1.788 (p = 0.0314). A scatter-plot showed a trend towards higher haematocrit-haemoglobin deviations as haemoglobin increased. Furthermore, 32.6% of participants with normal haemoglobin levels had low TBW. Moreover, whereas haemoglobin and serum K+ significantly positively correlated to TBW, serum Na+ was inversely related to TBW.Conclusion
The low DWI is suggestive that measuring plasma volume and/or haemoglobin mass may be required to correctly diagnose anaemia.
SUBMITTER: Ali-Baya G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8353477 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC8160390 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7852262 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7277056 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPatient records' relevance is associated with a variety of needs and objectives. Substantiating the health of patients perpetually and allowing professionals in the medical field to assess both signs and symptoms that fall in a relatively wider temporal point of view and contributions that lead to enhanced diagnoses and treatment are all quintessential of patient records. The advancement of information technology systems has led to the anticipation that development will be put into digitization and electronic means of storing patient records in order to grease their handling. Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) is piloting implementation of patient's electronic health record system. The introduction of the electronic health record system known as Lightwave Hospital Information Management System (LHIMS) was to provide a permanent solution to patients' continuity of care. User's acceptance of new information technology is seen to be one of the most challenging issues in information system. This study assesses healthcare providers' (HP') behavioural intention to use LHIMS to attend to clients in Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and other factors influencing it.MethodsA nonexperimental cross-sectional study was used to obtain information from 84 HP recruited from the various departments and units in CCTH who use LHIMS to attend to clients. The sample size of 90, representing 8% of HP in CCTH, was randomly selected from the various departments and units. However, 84 (indicating 93.3% response rate) of the selected HP were available during the period of the research.ResultsPerceived ease of use (PEOU) of LHIMS had the strongest direct effect on perceived usefulness (PU), with a highly significant path coefficient of 0.75. PU had the greatest impact on attitude about HP' behavioural intention to use (BIU) LHIMS to attend to patients' healthcare delivery in CCTH (0.91). This relationship was highly significant at p < 0.001. PEOU did not have a significant direct effect on attitude about LHIMS use, as hypothesized in the original technology acceptance model. However, attitude towards use had a strong significant effect on HP' BIU of LHIMS, with a strong statistically significant path coefficient of 0.98 at p < 0.001.ConclusionsWe conclude that attitude towards use have a significant influence on HP' behavioural intention to use LHIMS to attend to clients in Cape Coast Teaching Hospital.
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Project description:Background:Automobile mechanics and sprayers are at a higher risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals which may cause adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to use reticulocyte count as an indirect measure of the haematological output in automobile mechanics and sprayers in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Method:This cross-sectional study recruited 130 participants: 90 cases (57 automobile mechanics and 33 automobile sprayers) and 40 controls (nonautomobile workers). Venous blood samples were drawn from the participants and examined for full blood count and absolute reticulocyte count. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and occupational safety information from participants. Results:75.6% of cases had never received occupational safety training. Whereas 35.1% of automobile mechanics routinely siphoned fuel, 36.4% of automobile sprayers never used nose masks in the discharge of their duties. Controls had significantly higher WBC counts compared to mechanics (p = 0.0001; 5.04 ± 1.7 versus 3.81 ± 1.1), or sprayers (p = 0.0004; 5.04 ± 1.7 versus 3.74 ± 0.9). Lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts were also significantly higher in controls compared to cases. Whereas RBC counts were significantly higher in controls compared to automobile mechanics (4.85 versus 4.66; p = 0.034), haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in automobile sprayers compared to controls (15.13 versus 14.1 g/dl; p = 0.0126). Absolute reticulocyte count was significantly higher in controls compared to cases [p < 0.0001; (56.88 ± 32.14) × 109/L (controls) versus (25.31 ± 15.75) × 109/L (sprayers) or (33.27 ± 24.42) × 109/L (mechanics)]. Among the cases however, only RBC counts were significantly lower in automobile mechanics compared to automobile sprayers (p = 0.0088; 4.66 ± 0.4 versus 4.85 ± 0.5). Conclusion:It was evident that both automobile mechanics and sprayers had significantly reduced haematopoietic output. Occupational safety training is not given priority and must be addressed.
| S-EPMC5892237 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In 2012, Ghana introduced PCV13 into its childhood immunization program. To monitor the pneumococcus after PCV13 vaccination, we analyzed serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of pneumococcal carriage isolates among children under five years of age. We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 513 children from kindergartens and immunization centers in Cape Coast, Ghana. Pneumococcal serotypes were determined by multiplex-PCR and Quellung reaction. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes prevalence were determined by disc diffusion and PCR respectively. Overall, carriage prevalence was 29.4% and PCV13 coverage was 38.4%. Over 60% of the isolates were non-PCV13 serotypes and serotype 23B was the most prevalent. One isolate showed full resistance to penicillin, while 35% showed intermediate resistance. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin remained low, while susceptibility to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin and vancomycin remained high. Penicillin resistance was associated with PCV13 serotypes. Forty-three (28.5%) strains were multidrug-resistant. Virulence genes pavB, pcpA, psrP, pilus-1, and pilus-2 were detected in 100%, 87%, 62.9%, 11.9%, and 6.6% of the strains, respectively. The pilus islets were associated with PCV13 and multidrug-resistant serotypes. PCV13 vaccination had impacted on pneumococcal carriage with a significant increase in non-PCV13 serotypes and lower penicillin resistance. Including PcpA and PsrP in pneumococcal protein-based vaccines could be beneficial to Ghanaian children.
| S-EPMC7764876 | biostudies-literature