MiR-425 regulates lipophagy via SIRT1 to promote sorafenib resistance in liver cancer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sun G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8358621 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence, and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few miRNAs have been identified and entered clinical practice. Herein, we report that microRNA (miR)-552 is upregulated in HCC tissues and has an important function in liver tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs). Functional studies revealed that a forced expression of miR-552 promotes liver T-IC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Conversely, miR-552 knockdown inhibits liver T-IC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, miR-552 downregulates phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) via its mRNA 3' UTR and activates protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Our clinical investigations elucidated the prognostic value of miR-552 in HCC patients. Furthermore, miR-552 expression determines the responses of hepatoma cells to sorafenib treatment. The analysis of patient cohorts and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrated that miR-552 may predict sorafenib benefits in HCC patients. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-552 in liver T-IC expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-552 an optimal target for the prevention and intervention in HCC.
| S-EPMC7015836 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Female infertility due to declining oocyte quality with age remains a significant challenge for patients and physicians, despite extensive research efforts. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs), which respond to various stressors in the aging process, may provide a promising solution. With the approval of small RNA drugs for clinical use, miRNA-based treatment of oocyte aging appears to be a viable option. Through high-throughput sequencing, miR-425-5p was identified as the only miRNA elevated under natural aging and oxidative stress. Microinjection of inhibitors to inhibit miR-425-5p effectively improved compromised phenotypes of old oocytes in vitro. Further investigation revealed that Crebzf acts as a mediator of miR-425-5p's age-related functions in old oocytes. In vivo treatment with miR-425-5p antagomirs significantly improved impaired oocyte development in reproductively old females by targeting Crebzf. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Crebzf plays a vital role in regulating mRNAs targeting histone H3, trimethylated lysine 4 (H3K4me3), a crucial marker for transcriptional silencing. Overexpression of miR-425-5p could hinder oocyte maturation by downregulating Crebzf expression and disrupting transcriptional regulation. Our findings provide new insights into the potential of miR-425-5p antagomirs as a treatment for female infertility and highlight an elegant mechanism by which miR-425-5p inhibition of Crebzf inhibits a developmental switch in GV oocytes by regulating a group of histone methyltransferase mRNAs.
| S-EPMC11226420 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Liver tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) contribute to tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism for the propagation of liver T-ICs remains unclear. In the present study, our finding shows that miR-96 is upregulated in liver T-ICs. Functional studies revealed that forced miR-96 promotes liver T-ICs self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Conversely, knockdown miR-96 inhibits liver T-ICs self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, miR-96 downregulates TP53INP1 via its mRNA 3'UTR in liver T-ICs. Furthermore, the miR-96 expression determines the responses of hepatoma cells to sorafenib treatment. Analysis of patient cohorts and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrate that the miR-96 may predict sorafenib benefits in HCC patients. Our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-96 in liver T-ICs expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-96 as an optimal target for the prevention and intervention of HCC.
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Project description:BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most prevalent metabolic syndromes worldwide. However, no approved pharmacological treatments are available for MAFLD. Chenpi, one kind of dried peel of citrus fruits, has traditionally been utilized as a medicinal herb for liver diseases. Didymin is a newly identified oral bioactive dietary flavonoid glycoside derived from Chenpi. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Didymin as an anti-MAFLD drug and elucidated its underlying mechanisms.MethodsHigh-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD mice and alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were utilized to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of Didymin in the treatment of MAFLD. Liver weight, serum biochemical parameters, and liver morphology were examined to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of Didymin in MAFLD treatment. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify potential pathways that could be affected by Didymin. The impact of Didymin on Sirt1 was corroborated through western blot, molecular docking analysis, microscale thermophoresis (MST), and deacetylase activity assay. Then, a Sirt1 inhibitor (EX-527) was utilized to confirm that Didymin alleviates MAFLD via Sirt1. Western blot and additional assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms.ResultsOur results suggested that Didymin may possess therapeutic potential against MAFLD in vitro and in vivo. By promoting Sirt1 expression as well as directly binding to and activating Sirt1, Didymin triggers downstream pathways that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function while reducing apoptosis and enhancing lipophagy.ConclusionsThese suggest that Didymin could be a promising medication for MAFLD treatment. Furthermore, its therapeutic effects are mediated by Sirt1.
| S-EPMC10731721 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of most common solid cancers worldwide. Sorafenib is indicated as a treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical efficacy of sorafenib has been severely compromised by the development of drug resistance, and the precise mechanisms of drug resistance remain largely unknown. Here we found that a cell surface molecule, CD24, is overexpressed in tumor tissues and sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between CD24 expression levels and sorafenib resistance. In sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, depletion of CD24 caused a notable increase of sorafenib sensitivity. In addition, we found that CD24-related sorafenib resistance was accompanied by the activation of autophagy and can be blocked by the inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or essential autophagy gene knockdown. In further research, we found that CD24 overexpression also leads to an increase in PP2A protein production and induces the deactivation of the mTOR/AKT pathway, which enhances the level of autophagy. These results demonstrate that CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in HCC. This is the first report to describe the relationships among CD24, autophagy, and sorafenib resistance. In conclusion, the combination of autophagy modulation and CD24 targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HCC.
| S-EPMC5974417 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The NAD-dependent deacetylase Sir2 was initially identified as a mediator of replicative lifespan in budding yeast and was subsequently shown to modulate longevity in worms and flies. Its mammalian homologue, SIRT1, seems to have evolved complex systemic roles in cardiac function, DNA repair and genomic stability. Recent studies suggest a functional relevance of SIRT1 in normal brain physiology and neurological disorders. However, it is unknown if SIRT1 has a role in higher-order brain functions. We report that SIRT1 modulates synaptic plasticity and memory formation via a microRNA-mediated mechanism. Activation of SIRT1 enhances, whereas its loss-of-function impairs, synaptic plasticity. Surprisingly, these effects were mediated via post-transcriptional regulation of cAMP response binding protein (CREB) expression by a brain-specific microRNA, miR-134. SIRT1 normally functions to limit expression of miR-134 via a repressor complex containing the transcription factor YY1, and unchecked miR-134 expression following SIRT1 deficiency results in the downregulated expression of CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby impairing synaptic plasticity. These findings demonstrate a new role for SIRT1 in cognition and a previously unknown microRNA-based mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates these processes. Furthermore, these results describe a separate branch of SIRT1 signalling, in which SIRT1 has a direct role in regulating normal brain function in a manner that is disparate from its cell survival functions, demonstrating its value as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
| S-EPMC2928875 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSorafenib can prolong the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, drug resistance remains the main obstacle to improving its efficiency. This study aimed to explore the likely molecular mechanism of sorafenib resistance.MethodsDifferentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) related to sorafenib response were analyzed with the Limma package in R software. The expression levels of miR-126-3p and sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1) in HCC cells were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and proliferation were detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), EdU proliferation, and clone formation assays. Transwell assays were performed to measure cell migration and invasion. TargetScan, MicroRNA Target Prediction Database (miRDB), and StarBase v2.0 were used to predict the targets of miR-126-3p. SPRED1 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-126-3p by dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor effect of LV-miR-126-3p inhibitor combined with sorafenib was evaluated via subcutaneous tumor models.ResultsHCC cells with high expression of miR-126-3p exhibited increased resistance to sorafenib. The results of bioinformatics analysis and the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-126-3p directly targeted SPRED1. The sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib was markedly enhanced by SPRED1 upregulation. Gain- and loss-of function experiments verified that miR-126-3p induced sorafenib resistance in HCC through downregulating SPRED1. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-126-3p markedly increased the effectiveness of sorafenib against HCC in vivo. Mechanistically, our results suggested that miR-126-3p promoted sorafenib resistance via targeting SPRED1 and activating the ERK signaling pathway.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that regulating the miR-126-3p/SPRED1 axis might be a promising strategy for enhancing the antitumor effect of sorafenib in the treatment of HCC.
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Project description:MicroRNA 34a (miR-34a) is a tumor suppressor gene, but how it regulates cell proliferation is not completely understood. We now show that the microRNA miR-34a regulates silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression. MiR-34a inhibits SIRT1 expression through a miR-34a-binding site within the 3' UTR of SIRT1. MiR-34 inhibition of SIRT1 leads to an increase in acetylated p53 and expression of p21 and PUMA, transcriptional targets of p53 that regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, miR-34 suppression of SIRT1 ultimately leads to apoptosis in WT human colon cancer cells but not in human colon cancer cells lacking p53. Finally, miR-34a itself is a transcriptional target of p53, suggesting a positive feedback loop between p53 and miR-34a. Thus, miR-34a functions as a tumor suppressor, in part, through a SIRT1-p53 pathway.
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Project description:Breast cancer, the most common malignant tumor in women, has become a worldwide burden for family and society. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are recognized as critical mediators of cancer-related processes, since they have the ability to coordinately suppress multiple target genes. In this study, we aim to find out specific miRNAs involved in the progression of breast cancer and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis suggested miR-301 as a differentially overexpressed miRNA in breast cancer, which was confirmed by expression determination. Functional assays were employed to explore the effect of miR-301 and its downstream effectors cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1 (CPEB1), SIRT1, and SOX2 on malignant phenotypes of breast cancer. The interaction among these factors was explained using luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. In addition, the in vivo impact of miR-301 on breast cancer was assessed by cellular tumorigenicity in nude mice. We found that miR-301 overexpression restricted CPEB1 level and further promoted cell proliferation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression and impeded apoptosis. Moreover, CPEB1 regulated breast cancer development by mediating the SIRT1/SOX2 pathway. Further, miR-301 overexpression accelerated tumor formation in nude mice. Our results indicate that miR-301 overexpression accelerates the progression of breast cancer through the CPEB1/SIRT1/SOX2 axis.
| S-EPMC8313741 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mounting studies have substantiated that abrogating autophagy contributes to cardiac hypertrophy (CH). Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to support autophagy and inhibit CH. However, the upstream regulation mechanism behind the regulation of SIRT1 level in CH remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are vital modulators in diverse human diseases including CH. This study intended to investigate the regulatory mechanism of circRNA on SIRT1 expression in CH. CH model was established by angiotensin II (Ang II) fusion or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery and Ang II treatment on hiPSC-CMs and H9c2 cells in vitro. Our results showed that circ-SIRT1 (hsa_circ_0093884) expression was downregulated in Ang II-treated hiPSC-CMs, and confirmed that its conserved mouse homolog circ-Sirt1 (mmu_circ_0002354) was expressed at low levels in Ang II-treated H9c2 cells and TAC-induced mice model. Functionally, circ-SIRT1/circ-Sirt1 attenuated Ang II-induced CH and induced autophagy in hiPSC-CMs and H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, circ-SIRT1 could upregulate its host gene SIRT1 at the post-transcriptional level by sponging miR-3681-3p/miR-5195-3p and stabilized SIRT1 protein at the post-translational level by recruiting USP22 to induce deubiquitination on SIRT1 protein. Further, SIRT1 knockdown could rescue the effect of circ-SIRT1 upregulation on Ang II-induced CH and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we first uncovered that circ-SIRT1 restrains CH via activating SIRT1 to promote autophagy, indicating circ-SIRT1 as a promising target to alleviate CH.
| S-EPMC8580993 | biostudies-literature