Perturbations in nitric oxide homeostasis promote Arabidopsis disease susceptibility towards Phytophthora parasitica.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cui B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8359001 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are fungus-like plant pathogens that are devastating for agriculture and natural ecosystems. Due to particular physiological characteristics, no treatments against diseases caused by oomycetes are presently available. To develop such treatments, it appears essential to dissect the molecular mechanisms that determine the interaction between Phytophthora species and host plants. The present project is focused on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the compatible plant-oomycete interaction and plant disease. The laboratory developed a novel interaction system involving the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Phytophthora parasitica, a soil-borne pathogen infecting a wide host range, thus representing the majority of Phytophthora species. A characteristic feature of the compatible Arabidopsis/P. parasitica interaction is an extended biotrophic phase, before infection becomes necrotrophic. Because the initial biotrophic phase is extremely short on natural (e.g. solanaceous) hosts, the Arabidopsis system provides the opportunity to analyze, for both interaction partners, the molecular events that determine the initiation of infection and the switch to necrotrophy. The present project aims at analyzing the compatible interaction between A. thaliana roots and P. parasitica. The Affymetrix A. thaliana full genome chip will be used to characterize modulations of the transcriptome occurring over a period of 24h from the onset of plant root infection to the beginning of necrotrophy. Parallel to this study, a custom-designed P. parasitica biochip will enable analyzing of P. parasitica gene expression during the same stages.
2010-04-20 | GSE20226 | GEO
Project description:BACKGROUND: Oomycetes are a group of filamentous microorganisms that includes both animal and plant pathogens and causes major agricultural losses. Phytophthora species can infect most crops and plants from natural ecosystems. Despite their tremendous economic and ecologic importance, few effective methods exist for limiting the damage caused by these species. New solutions are required, and their development will require improvements in our understanding of the molecular events governing infection by these pathogens. In this study, we characterized the genetic program activated during penetration of the plant by the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora parasitica. RESULTS: Using all the P. parasitica sequences available in public databases, we generated a custom oligo-array and performed a transcriptomic analysis of the early events of Arabidopsis thaliana infection. We characterized biological stages, ranging from the appressorium-mediated penetration of the pathogen into the roots to the occurrence of first dead cells in the plant. We identified a series of sequences that were transiently modulated during host penetration. Surprisingly, we observed an overall down regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in lipid and sugar metabolism, and an upregulation of functions controlling the transport of amino acids. We also showed that different groups of genes were expressed by P. parasitica during host penetration and the subsequent necrotrophic phase. Differential expression patterns were particularly marked for cell wall-degrading enzymes and other proteins involved in pathogenicity, including RXLR effectors. By transforming P. parasitica with a transcriptional fusion with GFP, we showed that an RXLR-ecoding gene was expressed in the appressorium and infectious hyphae during infection of the first plant cell. CONCLUSION: We have characterized the genetic program activated during the initial invasion of plant cells by P. parasitica. We showed that a specific set of proteins, including effectors, was mobilized for penetration and to facilitate infection. Our detection of the expression of an RXLR encoding gene by the appressorium and infection hyphae highlights a role of this structure in the manipulation of the host cells.
| S-EPMC4111850 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are fungus-like plant pathogens that are devastating for agriculture and natural ecosystems. Due to particular physiological characteristics, no treatments against diseases caused by oomycetes are presently available. To develop such treatments, it appears essential to dissect the molecular mechanisms that determine the interaction between Phytophthora species and host plants. The present project is focused on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the compatible plant-oomycete interaction and plant disease. The laboratory developed a novel interaction system involving the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Phytophthora parasitica, a soil-borne pathogen infecting a wide host range, thus representing the majority of Phytophthora species. A characteristic feature of the compatible Arabidopsis/P. parasitica interaction is an extended biotrophic phase, before infection becomes necrotrophic. Because the initial biotrophic phase is extremely short on natural (e.g. solanaceous) hosts, the Arabidopsis system provides the opportunity to analyze, for both interaction partners, the molecular events that determine the initiation of infection and the switch to necrotrophy. The present project aims at analyzing the compatible interaction between A. thaliana roots and P. parasitica. The Affymetrix A. thaliana full genome chip will be used to characterize modulations of the transcriptome occurring over a period of 24h from the onset of plant root infection to the beginning of necrotrophy. Parallel to this study, a custom-designed P. parasitica biochip will enable analyzing of P. parasitica gene expression during the same stages. 10 samples were used in this experiment.
2010-04-28 | E-GEOD-20226 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Oomycete pathogens cause severe damage to a wide range of agriculturally important crops and natural ecosystems. They represent a unique group of plant pathogens that are evolutionarily distant from true fungi. In this study, we established a new plant-oomycete pathosystem in which the broad host range pathogen Phytophthora parasitica was demonstrated to be capable of interacting compatibly with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Water-soaked lesions developed on leaves within 3 days and numerous sporangia formed within 5 days post-inoculation of P. parasitica zoospores. Cytological characterization showed that P. parasitica developed appressoria-like swellings and penetrated epidermal cells directly and preferably at the junction between anticlinal host cell walls. Multiple haustoria-like structures formed in both epidermal cells and mesophyll cells 1 day post-inoculation of zoospores. Pathogenicity assays of 25 A. thaliana ecotypes with six P. parasitica strains indicated the presence of a natural variation in host specificity between A. thaliana and P. parasitica. Most ecotypes were highly susceptible to P. parasitica strains Pp014, Pp016 and Pp025, but resistant to strains Pp008 and Pp009, with the frequent appearance of cell wall deposition and active defence response-based cell necrosis. Gene expression and comparative transcriptomic analysis further confirmed the compatible interaction by the identification of up-regulated genes in A. thaliana which were characteristic of biotic stress. The established A. thaliana-P. parasitica pathosystem expands the model systems investigating oomycete-plant interactions, and will facilitate a full understanding of Phytophthora biology and pathology.
| S-EPMC6640465 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora parasitica emerges as a model for exploring the molecular basis and evolution of recognition and host defense. Phenotypic variation and genetic analysis is essential to dissect the underlying mechanisms in plant-oomycete interaction. In this study, the reaction phenotypes of 28 A. thaliana accessions to P. parasitica strain Pp016 were examined using detached leaf infection assay. The results showed the presence of four distinct groups based on host response and disease development. Of all the accessions examined, Zurich (Zu-1) is highly resistant to P. parasitica. Microscopic characterization showed that rapid and severe hypersensitive response at the primary infection epidermal cells is associated with disease resistance. Furthermore, Zu-1 is resistant to a set of 20 diverse P. parasitica strains, which were collected from different host plants and exhibited differential specificities on a set of tobacco cultivars. However, Zu-1 is susceptible to P. parasitica when the root is inoculated, suggesting differential expression of associated resistance genes in the root and foliar tissues. Genetic analysis by crossing Zu-1 and the susceptible accession Landsberg (Ler) showed that the resistance in Zu-1 to P. parasitica is semi-dominant, as shown by infection assays of F1 progenies, and is likely conferred by a single locus, defined as RPPA1 (Zu-1) (for Resistance to P. parasitica 1), as shown by analysis of F2 segregating populations. By employing specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) strategy to identify molecular markers potentially linked to the locus, the strongest associated region was determined to be located between 7.1 and 11.2 Mb in chromosome IV. The future cloning of RPPA1 (Zu-1) locus will facilitate improved understanding of plant broad-spectrum disease resistance to oomycete pathogens.
| S-EPMC4445315 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nitric oxide (NO), an active signaling molecule in plants, is involved in numerous physiological processes and adaptive responses to environmental stresses. Under high-salt conditions, plants accumulate NO quickly, and reorganize Na(+) and K(+) contents. However, the molecular connection between NO and ion homeostasis is largely unknown. Here, we report that NO lowers K(+) channel AKT1-mediated plant K(+) uptake by modulating vitamin B6 biosynthesis. In a screen for Arabidopsis NO-hypersensitive mutants, we isolated sno1 (sensitive to nitric oxide 1), which is allelic to the previously noted mutant sos4 (salt overly sensitive 4) that has impaired Na(+) and K(+) contents and overproduces pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), an active form of vitamin B6. We showed that NO increased PLP and decreased K(+) levels in plant. NO induced SNO1 gene expression and enzyme activity, indicating that NO-triggered PLP accumulation mainly occurs through SNO1-mediated vitamin B6 salvage biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PLP significantly repressed the activity of K(+) channel AKT1 in the Xenopus oocyte system and Arabidopsis root protoplasts. Together, our results suggest that NO decreases K(+) absorption by promoting the synthesis of vitamin B6 PLP, which further represses the activity of K(+) channel AKT1 in Arabidopsis. These findings reveal a previously unidentified pivotal role of NO in modulating the homeostasis of vitamin B6 and potassium nutrition in plants, and shed light on the mechanism of NO in plant acclimation to environmental changes.
| S-EPMC4234564 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The cellulose binding elicitor lectin (CBEL) of the genus Phytophthora induces necrosis and immune responses in several plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of CBEL-induced responses in the outcome of the interaction is still unclear. This study shows that some of CBEL-induced defence responses, but not necrosis, required the receptor-like kinase BAK1, a general regulator of basal immunity in Arabidopsis, and the production of a reactive oxygen burst mediated by respiratory burst oxidases homologues (RBOH). Screening of a core collection of 48 Arabidopsis ecotypes using CBEL uncovered a large variability in CBEL-induced necrotic responses. Analysis of non-responsive CBEL lines Ws-4, Oy-0, and Bla-1 revealed that Ws-4 and Oy-0 were also impaired in the production of the oxidative burst and expression of defence genes, whereas Bla-1 was partially affected in these responses. Infection tests using two Phytophthora parasitica strains, Pp310 and Ppn0, virulent and avirulent, respectively, on the Col-0 line showed that BAK1 and RBOH mutants were susceptible to Ppn0, suggesting that some immune responses controlled by these genes, but not CBEL-induced cell death, are required for Phytophthora parasitica resistance. However, Ws-4, Oy-0, and Bla-1 lines were not affected in Ppn0 resistance, showing that natural variability in CBEL responsiveness is not correlated to Phytophthora susceptibility. Overall, the results uncover a BAK1- and RBOH-dependent CBEL-triggered immunity essential for Phytophthora resistance and suggest that natural quantitative variation of basal immunity triggered by conserved general elicitors such as CBEL does not correlate to Phytophthora susceptibility.
| S-EPMC3745725 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Raw Sequence Reads, Pathogen: Phytophthora parasitica, Host: Lupinus augustifolius
| PRJNA291119 | ENA
Project description:Interactions between pathogenic oomycetes and microbiota residing on the surface of the host plant root are unknown, despite being critical to inoculum constitution. The nature of these interactions was explored for the polyphagous and telluric species Phytophthora parasitica.Composition of the rhizospheric microbiota of Solanum lycopersicum was characterized using deep re-sequencing of 16S rRNA gene to analyze tomato roots either free of or partly covered with P. parasitica biofilm. Colonization of the host root surface by the oomycete was associated with a shift in microbial community involving a Bacteroidetes/Proteobacteria transition and Flavobacteriaceae as the most abundant family. Identification of members of the P. parasitica-associated microbiota interfering with biology and oomycete infection was carried out by screening for bacteria able to (i) grow on a P. parasitica extract-based medium (ii), exhibit in vitro probiotic or antibiotic activity towards the oomycete (iii), have an impact on the oomycete infection cycle in a tripartite interaction S. lycopersicum-P. parasitica-bacteria. One Pseudomonas phylotype was found to exacerbate disease symptoms in tomato plants. The lack of significant gene expression response of P. parasitica effectors to Pseudomonas suggested that the increase in plant susceptibility was not associated with an increase in virulence. Our results reveal that Pseudomonas spp. establishes commensal interactions with the oomycete. Bacteria preferentially colonize the surface of the biofilm rather than the roots, so that they can infect plant cells without any apparent infection of P. parasitica.The presence of the pathogenic oomycete P. parasitica in the tomato rhizosphere leads to a shift in the rhizospheric microbiota composition. It contributes to the habitat extension of Pseudomonas species mediated through a physical association between the oomycete and the bacteria.
| S-EPMC5434524 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are fungus-like plant pathogens that are devastating for agriculture and natural ecosystems. Due to particular physiological characteristics, no treatments against diseases caused by oomycetes are presently available. To develop such treatments, it appears essential to dissect the molecular mechanisms that determine the interaction between Phytophthora species and host plants. The present project is focused on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the compatible plant-oomycete interaction and plant disease.The laboratory developed a novel interaction system involving the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana and Phytophthora parasitica, a soil-borne pathogen infecting a wide host range, thus representing the majority of Phytophthora species. A characteristic feature of the compatible Arabidopsis/Phytophthora parasitica interaction is an extended biotrophic phase, before infection becomes necrotrophic. Because the initial biotrophic phase is extremely short on natural (e.g. solanaceous) hosts, the Arabidopsis system provides the opportunity to analyze, for both interaction partners, the molecular events that determine the initiation of infection and the switch to necrotrophy.The present project aims at analyzing the compatible interaction between A. thaliana roots and Phytophthora parasitica. The Affymetrix A. thaliana full genome chip will be used to characterize modulations of the transcriptome occurring over a period of 24h from the onset of plant root infection to the beginning of necrotrophy. Parallel to this study, a custom designed Phytophthora parasitica biochip will enable analyzing of Phytophthora parasitica gene expression during the same stages. The pathosystem involving A. thaliana and Phytophthora parasitica was described in Attard A, Gourgues M, Callemeyn-Torre N, Keller H. 2010. The New phytologist 187: 449–460. The protocol for recovery of RNA from purified appressoria was described in Kebdani N, Pieuchot L, Deleury E, Panabieres F, Le Berre JY, Gourgues M. 2010. New Phytol 185: 248–257.
2014-03-01 | GSE51252 | GEO