RNA N6 -methyladenosine modification suppresses replication of rice black streaked dwarf virus and is associated with virus persistence in its insect vector.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tian S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8359003 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) has spread from the south of China to the north of Vietnam in the past few years, and has severely influenced rice production. However, previous study of traditional SRBSDV transmission method by the natural virus vector, the white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera), in the laboratory, researchers are frequently confronted with lack of enough viral samples due to the limited life span of infected vectors and rice plants and low virus acquisition and inoculation efficiency by the vector. Meanwhile, traditional mechanical inoculation of virus only apply to dicotyledon because of the higher content of lignin in the leaves of the monocot. Therefore, establishing an efficient and persistent-transmitting model, with a shorter virus transmission time and a higher virus transmission efficiency, for screening novel anti-SRBSDV drugs is an urgent need.In this study, we firstly reported a novel method for transmitting SRBSDV in rice using the bud-cutting method. The transmission efficiency of SRBSDV in rice was investigated via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and the replication of SRBSDV in rice was also investigated via the proteomics analysis.Rice infected with SRBSDV using the bud-cutting method exhibited similar symptoms to those infected by the WBPH, and the transmission efficiency (>80.00%), which was determined using the PCR method, and the virus transmission time (30 min) were superior to those achieved that transmitted by the WBPH. Proteomics analysis confirmed that SRBSDV P1, P2, P3, P4, P5-1, P5-2, P6, P8, P9-1, P9-2, and P10 proteins were present in infected rice seedlings infected via the bud-cutting method.The results showed that SRBSDV could be successfully transmitted via the bud-cutting method and plants infected SRBSDV exhibited the symptoms were similar to those transmitted by the WBPH. Therefore, the use of the bud-cutting method to generate a cheap, efficient, reliable supply of SRBSDV-infected rice seedlings should aid the development of disease control strategies. Meanwhile, this method also could provide a new idea for the other virus transmission in monocot.
| S-EPMC5558718 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vesicular trafficking is an important dynamic process that facilitates intracellular transport of biological macromolecules and their release into the extracellular environment. However, little is known about whether or how plant viruses utilize intracellular vesicles to their advantage. Here, we report that southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) enters intracellular vesicles in epithelial cells of its insect vector by engaging VAMP7 and Vti1a proteins in the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. The major outer capsid protein P10 of SRBSDV was shown to interact with VAMP7 and Vti1a of the white-backed planthopper and promote the fusion of vesicles into a large vesicle, which finally fused with the plasma membrane to release virions from midgut epithelial cells. Downregulation of the expression of either VAMP7 or Vti1a did not affect viral entry and accumulation in the gut, but significantly reduced viral accumulation in the haemolymph. It also did not affect virus acquisition, but significantly reduced the virus transmission efficiency to rice. Our data reveal a critical mechanism by which a plant reovirus hijacks the vesicle transport system to overcome the midgut escape barrier in vector insects and provide new insights into the role of the SNARE complex in viral transmission and the potential for developing novel strategies of viral disease control.
| S-EPMC8435234 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) was known to be transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH) in a persistent, circulative and propagative manner in nature. Here, we show that RBSDV major outer capsid protein (also known as P10) suppresses the protein kinase C (PKC) activity of SBPH through interacting with the receptor for activated protein kinase C 1 (LsRACK1). The N terminal of P10 (amino acids (aa) 1-270) and C terminal of LsRACK1 (aa 268-315) were mapped as crucial for the interaction. Confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation showed that RBSDV P10 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein formed vesicular structures associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes in Spodoptera frugiperda nine cells. Our results also indicated that RBSDV P10 retargeted the initial subcellular localization of LsRACK1 from cytoplasm and cell membrane to ER and affected the function of LsRACKs to activate PKC. Inhibition of RACK1 by double stranded RNA-induced gene silencing significantly promoted the replication of RBSDV in SBPH. In addition, the PKC pathway participates in the antivirus innate immune response of SBPH. This study highlights that RACK1 negatively regulates the accumulation of RBSDV in SBPH through activating the PKC signalling pathway, and RBSDV P10 changes the subcellular localization of LsRACK1 and affects its function to activate PKC. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
| S-EPMC6367142 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Replication of RNA viruses in insect cells triggers an antiviral defense that is mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) which generates viral-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, it is not known whether an antiviral RNAi response is also induced in insects by reoviruses, whose double-stranded RNA genome replication is thought to occur within core particles. Deep sequencing of small RNAs showed that when the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) was infected by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) (Reoviridae; Fijivirus), more viral-derived siRNAs accumulated than when the vector insect was infected by Rice stripe virus (RSV), a negative single-stranded RNA virus. RBSDV siRNAs were predominantly 21 and 22 nucleotides long and there were almost equal numbers of positive and negative sense. RBSDV siRNAs were frequently generated from hotspots in the 5'- and 3'-terminal regions of viral genome segments but these hotspots were not associated with any predicted RNA secondary structures. Under laboratory condition, L. striatellus can be infected simultaneously with RBSDV and RSV. Double infection enhanced the accumulation of particular genome segments but not viral coat protein of RBSDV and correlated with an increase in the abundance of siRNAs derived from RBSDV. The results of this study suggest that reovirus replication in its insect vector potentially induces an RNAi-mediated antiviral response.
| S-EPMC3679040 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) (species Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae) is the causal agent of rice black-streaked dwarf and maize rough dwarf diseases, which occur in intermittent epidemics in East Asian countries and are responsible for considerable yield losses. Intermittency of epidemics make accurate forecasting and designing of effective management strategies difficult. However, recent insights into host-virus-vector insect interactions are now informing forecasting and disease control measures. Resistance genes are also being identified and mapped. SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND HOST RANGE:RBSDV induces extreme stunting, darkened, and stiff leaves of crops and weeds only in the family Poaceae, including Oryza sativa, Zea mays, and Triticum aestivum. Infected plants produce totally or partially deformed panicles and remain alive through harvest. GENOME AND GENE FUNCTION:The nonenveloped virus particles comprise a double-layered capsid, 50-nm core with genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and six proteins. The genome of RBSDV contains 10 segments of dsRNA, named S1 to S10 in decreasing order of molecular weight. Segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 encode the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the major core structural protein, a protein with guanylyltransferase activity, an outer-shell B-spike protein, viral RNA-silencing suppressor, the major capsid protein, and the outer capsid protein, respectively. Each of the segments 5, 7, and 9 encodes two proteins: P5-1, a component of viroplasms; P5-2 of unknown function; nonstructural protein P7-1, involved in forming the structural matrix of tubular structures in infected tissues; P7-2 of unknown function; P9-1, the main component of viroplasms in infected cells and involved in viral replication; and P9-2 of unknown function. TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY:RBSDV is transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus in a persistent propagative manner. The vector insect is the only means of virus spread in nature, so its migration and transmission efficiency are obligatory for disease epidemics to develop. Susceptible varieties are widely planted, but efficient transmission by vectors is the primary reason for the epidemics. Cultivation system, pesticide overuse, and climatic conditions also contribute to epidemics by affecting the development of the vector insects and their population dynamics. DISEASE MANAGEMENT:In the absence of resistant varieties, integrated disease management aims at disrupting the cycle of virus transmission by the insect vector. Inheritance studies have indicated that resistance is mostly governed by quantitative trait loci or multiple genes. Genetic engineering through RNA-interference and gene-editing strategies are potential approaches for disease control.
| S-EPMC7368121 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) seriously interfered in the production of rice and maize in China. These two viruses are members of the genus Fijivirus in the family Reoviridae and can cause similar dwarf symptoms in rice. Although some studies have reported the phylogenetic analysis on RBSDV or SRBSDV, the evolutionary relationship between these viruses is scarce. METHODS:In this study, we analyzed the evolutionary relationships between RBSDV and SRBSDV based on the data from the analysis of codon usage, RNA recombination and phylogenetic relationship, selection pressure and genetic characteristics of the bicistronic RNAs (S5, S7 and S9). RESULTS:RBSDV and SRBSDV showed similar patterns of codon preference: open reading frames (ORFs) in S7 and S5 had with higher and lower codon usage bias, respectively. Some isolates from RBSDV and SRBSDV formed a clade in the phylogenetic tree of S7 and S9. In addition, some recombination events in S9 occurred between RBSDV and SRBSDV. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest close evolutionary relationships between RBSDV and SRBSDV. Selection pressure, gene flow, and neutrality tests also supported the evolutionary relationships.
| S-EPMC6486993 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: The diseases caused by Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) have been occurring epidemically in China and southeastern Asia in recent years. A sensitive, reliable and quantitative method is required to detect and distinguish for RBSDV and SRBSDV in rice and vector insects. RESULTS: We developed a sensitive and lineage-specific duplex real time RT-qPCR for detection of RBSDV and SRBSDV in a single or/and double infection in rice samples. The duplex RT-qPCR was optimized using standard samples transcribed by T7 Large Scale RNA Production System in vitro. We developed a reliable system for duplex RT-qPCR, in which its co-efficiency of RBSDV and SRBSDV, were 91.6% and 90.7%, respectively. The coefficient of determination was more than 0.990; the slope of linear equation was -3.542, and -3.567, respectively. Out of 30 samples collected in North and Central China, which were suspected to be infected with these two viruses, 10 samples were detected RBSDV positive by RT-PCR and 12 samples by RT-qPCR. No mixed infections were found. Simultaneously, out of total 60 samples collected from Southern China, which were also suspected to be infected with these two viruses, 41 samples were determined SRBSDV positive by RT-PCR and 47 samples by RT-qPCR. Also in this case no mixed infections were found. The rice genes eEF-1a and UBQ5 were selected as internal controls for quantification assay also performed as good expression stability. CONCLUSION: The duplex RT-qPCR assay provided as a sufficiently sensitive, specific, accurate, reproducible and rapid tool for the detection and differentiation of RBSDV and SRBSDV. The RT-qPCR assay can be used in routine diagnostic of these two viruses in order to study the disease epidemiology in rice crops.
| S-EPMC3610162 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Plant virus triggers numerous responses in its insect vectors. Using the iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis. Early responses of the insect vector small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, SBPH) after acquiring Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) at 3 days and 5 days post first access to disease plants (padp), respectively, were revealed. A total of 582 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in SBPH with a fold change > 1.500 or <0.667 (p-value<0.05) were identified. The proteomic analysis in SBPH at 3 days padp revealed 106 high abundant proteins and 193 low abundant proteins, while 5 days padp revealed 214 high abundant proteins and 182 low abundant proteins. Among them, 51 high abundant proteins and 42 low abundant proteins were consistently differentially abundant at both 3 days and 5 days padp.
2021-07-15 | PXD026038 | Pride
Project description:BACKGROUND:Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) causes one of the most important rice virus diseases of plants in East Asia. However, molecular mechanism(s)controlling rice resistance to infection is largely unknown. RESULTS:In this paper, we showed that RBSDV infection in rice significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production. This finding was further validated through a genetic approach using a RBSDV susceptible (Nipponbare) and a RBSDV resistant (15HPO187) cultivar. The production of endogenous NO was muchhigher in the 15HPO187 plants, leading to a much lower RBSDV disease incidence. Pharmacological studies showed that the applications of NO-releasingcompounds (i.e., sodium nitroprusside [SNP] and nitrosoglutathione [GSNO]) to rice plants reduced RBSDV disease incidence. After RBSDV infection, the levels of OsICS1, OsPR1b and OsWRKY 45 transcripts were significantly up-regulated by NO in Nipponbare. The increased salicylic acid contents were also observed. After the SNP treatment, protein S-nitrosylation in rice plants was also increased, suggesting that the NO-triggered resistance to RBSDV infection was partially mediated at the post-translational level. Although Osnia2 mutant rice produced less endogenous NO after RBSDV inoculation and showed a higher RBSDV disease incidence, its RBSDV susceptibility could be reduced by SNP treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Collectively, our genetic and molecular evidence revealed that endogenous NO was a vital signal responsible for rice resistance to RBSDV infection.
| S-EPMC7156532 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Rice and maize dwarf diseases caused by the newly introduced Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) have led to severe economic losses in South China in recent years. The distribution and diversity of SRBSDV have not been investigated in the main rice and maize growing areas in China. In this study, the distribution of SRBSDV in China was determined by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2010, 2404 plant samples (2294 rice, 110 maize samples, and more than 300 cultivars) with dwarf symptoms were collected from fields in 194 counties of 17 provinces in China and SRBSDV was detected. The results indicated that 1545 (64.27%) of samples (both rice and maize) were infected with SRBSDV. SRBSDV was detected widely in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces, which suggests SRBSDV is an important pathogen causing rice dwarfing diseases in South China. Phylogenetic analysis of 15 representative virus isolates revealed that SRBSDV isolates in China had high levels of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities (>97.8%). CONCLUSIONS: SRBSDV spreads naturally in Yangtze River basin and south region, the location of the major rice production areas. In comparison, the virus rarely spreads north of Yangtze River in North China. Distribution of SRBSDV is consistent with the migrating and existing ranges of its vector WBPH, suggesting that SRBSDV might be introduced into South China along with the migration of viruliferous WBPH.
| S-EPMC4015479 | biostudies-literature