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Renal cell carcinoma sharply captured by imaging technology at an early stage in a hemodialysis patient: Usefulness of noninvasive monochrome superb microvascular imaging.

ABSTRACT: It has been drawing much attention that type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with increased incidence of numerous cancers and their poor prognosis. Consequently, malignancy has been recently recognized as one of diabetic complications in addition to various conventional complications. Furthermore, it is well known that the prevalence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is drastically increased in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, screening of RCCs in HD patients is a very important and urgent issue as there are no highly sensitive tumor markers for RCCs. Monochrome superb microvascular imaging (mSMI) is a relatively new Doppler ultrasound technique and is useful especially when evaluating very slow blood flow state, because this allows for imaging microvessels with low velocity in the absence of a contrast agent. Thus, mSMI might be also useful when contrast enhancement is not obvious on CT and/or contrast-enhanced ultrasonography using perflubutane or contrast agents are contraindicated. Moreover, it has been reported that mSMI could effectively detect vascularity of renal malignant tumor than benign renal mass in nondialysis patients. We propose that mSMI of ultrasonography could become one of the very useful methods for detecting RCCs at an early stage with high sensitivity in HD patients.

SUBMITTER: Ohsawa R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8359951 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Microvessel ultrasound of neonatal brain parenchyma: feasibility, reproducibility, and normal imaging features by superb microvascular imaging (SMI).

Project description:ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) of the neonatal brain and to describe normal imaging features.MethodsWe performed transcranial ultrasound with SMI in 19 healthy term-born neonates. SMI was done according to a structured examination protocol, using two linear 18 MHz and 14 MHz transducers. Superficial and deep scans were acquired in the coronal and sagittal planes, using the left and right superior frontal gyri as anatomical landmarks. All SMI views were imaged by monochrome and colour SMI and evaluated with respect to visibility of extrastriatal (i.e. cortical and medullary) and striatal microvessels.ResultsWe have described normal morphologic features of intraparenchymal brain microvasculature as "short parallel" cortical vessels, "smoothly curved" medullary vessels, and deep striatal vessels. In general, SMI performance was better on coronal views than on sagittal views. On superficial coronal scans, cortical microvessels were identifiable in 90-100%, medullary microvessels in 95-100%. On deep scans, cortical and medullary microvessels were visible in all cases, while striatal microvessels were identifiable in 71% of cases.ConclusionsCerebral SMI ultrasound is feasible and well-reproducible and provides a novel non-invasive imaging tool for the assessment of intraparenchymal brain microvasculature (extrastriatal and striatal microvessels) in neonates without the use of contrast.Key points• Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) of the neonatal brain is feasible and reproducible. • SMI depicts extrastriatal and striatal microvessels. • SMI detects two types of extrastriatal microvessels: cortical and medullary.

| S-EPMC6420458 | biostudies-literature

Cutting-edge application of ultrasound elastography and superb microvascular imaging in radiofrequency ablation of uterine fibroids.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8008196 | biostudies-literature

Multidisciplinary diagnostic dilemma in differentiating Madelung's disease - the value of superb microvascular imaging technique: A case report.

Project description:BackgroundMadelung's disease, also known as multiple symmetrical lipomatosis, is a rare, underrecognized disorder of fat metabolism that results in unusual accumulation of subcutaneous fat deposits around the neck, shoulders, upper arms, trunk, hips, and upper thighs. Our case demonstrates the importance of differential diagnosis and the value of a superb microvascular imaging technique for suspecting and confirming Madelung's disease. Timely diagnosis and alcohol abstinence could prevent the progression of growing fatty masses and prevent surgery.Case summaryA 62-year-old male was admitted to the Rheumatology center complaining of symmetric subcutaneous tumors in the area of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands, small soft masses in the occiput and upper third of the forearm, rashes on calves. A high titer of rheumatoid factor and low concentrations of serum complements were detected. The high-end ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging examinations of all affected areas of the soft tissues showed predominantly adipose tissue (lipomas) without suspicion of liposarcoma. The biopsy from the small salivary gland revealed no pathology. After evaluating the patient's clinical presentation (symmetrical lipomatosis, cirrhosis, gynecomastia, anemia, hyperuricemia), Madelung's disease, type I, along with the psoriatic rash and psoriatic arthritis and secondary liver cirrhosis were established.ConclusionMadelung's disease consists of many co-occurring disorders imitating and overlapping with other conditions. Ultrasonography is the first choice for suspecting and confirming symmetrical lipomatosis.

| S-EPMC8316957 | biostudies-literature

The Vascular Index of Superb Microvascular Imaging Can Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 4 Breast Lesions.

Project description:Purpose:To investigate whether the vascular index (VI) of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) could improve the diagnostic efficiency for BI-RADS 4 breast lesions and reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. Patients and Methods:For this study, we selected 222 consecutive BI-RADS 4 breast lesions detected by ultrasound and confirmed by pathology from January 2016 to October 2018. A VI of 4.0 was set as the cutoff value to degrade BI-RADS classification. We calculated the accuracy, sensitivity and PPV of a BI-RADS diagnosis alone and the combination of BI-RADS and the VI. Results:Pathologically, of the 222 lesions, 129 were confirmed to be benign, and 93 were found to be malignant. A VI of 4.0 was set as the cutoff value; when the VI?4.0, those BI-RADS 4 masses were downgraded one level (4C-4B, 4B-4A, 4A-3) to an integral BI-RADS grade, while the others maintained the conventional grade. A total of 54 BI-RADS 4 lesions were degraded to BI-RADS 3, including 53 benign lesions and 1 malignant lesion. The diagnostic accuracy (65.3% vs 41.9%) and PPV (54.8% vs 41.9%) were significantly improved. The sensitivity decreased slightly (98.9% vs 100%) because 1 of the 54 downgraded BI-RADS 4 lesions, which had a pathological type of invasive ductal carcinoma, was incorrectly downgraded. Conclusion:SMI is a noninvasive tool for visualizing the vascular structure with high-resolution microvascular images. As a quantitative index, the VI can be used to appropriately downgrade benign lesions classified as BI-RADS 4, which can improve the diagnostic accuracy and PPV and reduce unnecessary biopsies.

| S-EPMC7073432 | biostudies-literature

Combing superb microvascular imaging with shear wave elastography for risk stratification of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) 4 thyroid nodules

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC11336785 | biostudies-literature

The value of TI-RADS combined with superb microvascular imaging in distinguishing thyroid nodules: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Project description:BackgroundAs a novel ultrasonic technique, superb microvascular imaging (SMI) can quickly, simply and noninvasively observe the microvascular distribution in a tumor and evaluate the microvascular perfusion. Previous studies have shown that SMI can detect the blood flow signals of neovascularization in tumors and increase the sensitivity for detecting thyroid cancer. However, the results of these studies have been contradictory, and the sample sizes were too small. Therefore, the present meta-analysis will aim at evaluating the value of a thyroid imaging report and data system (TI-RADS) combined with SMI in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.MethodsWe will search PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Chinese biomedical databases from their inceptions to the June 31, 2020. Two authors will independently carry out searching literature records; scanning titles, abstracts, and full texts; collecting data; and assessing risk of bias. Review Manager 5.2 and Stata14.0 software will be used for data analysis.ResultsThis systematic review will evaluate the value of TI-RADS combined with SMI in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Systematic review registrationINPLASY202070113.

| S-EPMC7790367 | biostudies-literature

Decoding global gene expression programs in liver cancer by noninvasive imaging

Project description:ABSTRACT: Paralleling the diversity of genetic and protein activities, pathologic human tissues also exhibit diverse radiographic features. Here we show that dynamic imaging traits in non-invasive computed tomography (CT) systematically correlate with the global gene expression programs of primary human liver cancer. Combinations of twenty-eight imaging traits can reconstruct 78% of the global gene expression profiles, revealing cell proliferation, liver synthetic function, and patient prognosis. Thus, genomic activity of human liver cancers can be decoded by noninvasive imaging, thereby enabling noninvasive, serial and frequent molecular profiling for personalized medicine. Keywords: disease_state_design

2007-04-07 | GSE7474 | GEO

Noninvasive molecular imaging of neuroinflammation.

Project description:Inflammation is a highly dynamic and complex adaptive process to preserve and restore tissue homeostasis. Originally viewed as an immune-privileged organ, the central nervous system (CNS) is now recognized to have a constant interplay with the innate and the adaptive immune systems, where resident microglia and infiltrating immune cells from the periphery have important roles. Common diseases of the CNS, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), and neurodegeneration, elicit a neuroinflammatory response with the goal to limit the extent of the disease and to support repair and regeneration. However, various disease mechanisms lead to neuroinflammation (NI) contributing to the disease process itself. Molecular imaging is the method of choice to try to decipher key aspects of the dynamic interplay of various inducers, sensors, transducers, and effectors of the orchestrated inflammatory response in vivo in animal models and patients. Here, we review the basic principles of NI with emphasis on microglia and common neurologic disease mechanisms, the molecular targets which are being used and explored for imaging, and molecular imaging of NI in frequent neurologic diseases, such as stroke, MS, neurodegeneration, epilepsy, encephalitis, and gliomas.

| S-EPMC3390799 | biostudies-literature

Noninvasive imaging of immune responses.

Project description:At their margins, tumors often contain neutrophils, dendritic cells, and activated macrophages, which express class II MHC and CD11b products. The interplay between stromal cells, tumor cells, and migratory cells such as lymphocytes creates opportunities for noninvasive imaging of immune responses. We developed alpaca-derived antibody fragments specific for mouse class II MHC and CD11b products, expressed on the surface of a variety of myeloid cells. We validated these reagents by flow cytometry and two-photon microscopy to obtain images at cellular resolution. To enable noninvasive imaging of the targeted cell populations, we developed a method to site-specifically label VHHs [the variable domain (VH) of a camelid heavy-chain only antibody] with (18)F or (64)Cu. Radiolabeled VHHs rapidly cleared the circulation (t1/2 ? 20 min) and clearly visualized lymphoid organs. We used VHHs to explore the possibility of imaging inflammation in both xenogeneic and syngeneic tumor models, which resulted in detection of tumors with remarkable specificity. We also imaged the infiltration of myeloid cells upon injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Both anti-class II MHC and anti-CD11b VHHs detected inflammation with excellent specificity. Given the ease of manufacture and labeling of VHHs, we believe that this method could transform the manner in which antitumor responses and/or infectious events may be tracked.

| S-EPMC4434737 | biostudies-literature

Noninvasive Imaging of Cancer Immunotherapy.

Project description:Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of several malignancies. Notwithstanding the encouraging results, many patients do not respond to treatments. Evaluation of the efficacy of treatments is challenging and robust methods to predict the response to treatment are not yet available. The outcome of immunotherapy results from changes that treatment evokes in the tumor immune landscape. Therefore, a better understanding of the dynamics of immune cells that infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment may fundamentally help in addressing this challenge and provide tools to assess or even predict the response. Noninvasive imaging approaches, such as PET and SPECT that provide whole-body images are currently seen as the most promising tools that can shed light on the events happening in tumors in response to treatment. Such tools can provide critical information that can be used to make informed clinical decisions. Here, we review recent developments in the field of noninvasive cancer imaging with a focus on immunotherapeutics and nuclear imaging technologies and will discuss how the field can move forward to address the challenges that remain unresolved.

| S-EPMC7738948 | biostudies-literature

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