Dataset Information

OPERA tau neutrino charged current interactions.

ABSTRACT: The OPERA experiment was designed to discover the v_τ appearance in a v_μ beam, due to neutrino oscillations. The detector, located in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory, consisted of a nuclear photographic emulsion/lead target with a mass of about 1.25 kt, complemented by electronic detectors. It was exposed from 2008 to 2012 to the CNGS beam: an almost pure v_μ beam with a baseline of 730 km, collecting a total of 1.8·10²⁰ protons on target. The OPERA Collaboration eventually assessed the discovery of v_μ→v_τ oscillations with a statistical significance of 6.1 σ by observing ten v_τ CC interaction candidates. These events have been published on the Open Data Portal at CERN. This paper provides a detailed description of the v_τ data sample to make it usable by the whole community.

SUBMITTER: Agafonova N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8361145 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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OPERA tau neutrino charged current interactions.

Agafonova N N Alexandrov A A Anokhina A A Aoki S S Ariga A A Ariga T T Bertolin A A Bozza C C Brugnera R R Buonaura A A Buontempo S S Chernyavskiy M M Chukanov A A Consiglio L L D'Ambrosio N N De Lellis G G De Serio M M Del Amo Sanchez P P Di Crescenzo A A Di Ferdinando D D Di Marco N N Dmitrievsky S S Dracos M M Duchesneau D D Dusini S S Dzhatdoev T T Ebert J J Ereditato A A Fini R A RA Fornari F F Fukuda T T Galati G G Garfagnini A A Gentile V V Goldberg J J Gorbunov S S Gornushkin Y Y Grella G G Guler A M AM Gustavino C C Hagner C C Hara T T Hayakawa T T Hollnagel A A Ishiguro K K Iuliano A A Jakovčić K K Jollet C C Kamiscioglu C C Kamiscioglu M M Kim S H SH Kitagawa N N Kliček B B Kodama K K Komatsu M M Kose U U Kreslo I I Laudisio F F Lauria A A Lavasa A A Longhin A A Loverre P P Malgin A A Mandrioli G G Matsuo T T Matveev V V Mauri N N Medinaceli E E Meregaglia A A Mikado S S Miyanishi M M Mizutani F F Monacelli P P Montesi M C MC Morishima K K Muciaccia M T MT Naganawa N N Naka T T Nakamura M M Nakano T T Niwa K K Ogawa S S Okateva N N Ozaki K K Paoloni A A Park B D BD Pasqualini L L Pastore A A Patrizii L L Pessard H H Podgrudkov D D Polukhina N N Pozzato M M Pupilli F F Roda M M Roganova T T Rokujo H H Rosa G G Ryazhskaya O O Sato O O Shakirianova I I Schembri A A Shchedrina T T Shibayama E E Shibuya H H Shiraishi T T Šimko T T Simone S S Sirignano C C Sirri G G Sotnikov A A Spinetti M M Stanco L L Starkov N N Stellacci S M SM Stipčević M M Strolin P P Takahashi S S Tenti M M Terranova F F Tioukov V V Tsanaktsidis I I Tufanli S S Ustyuzhanin A A Vasina S S Vidal García M M Vilain P P Voevodina E E Votano L L Vuilleumier J L JL Wilquet G G Yoon C S CS

Scientific data 20210812 1

The OPERA experiment was designed to discover the vτ appearance in a vμ beam, due to neutrino oscillations. The detector, located in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory, consisted of a nuclear photographic emulsion/lead target with a mass of about 1.25 kt, complemented by electronic detectors. It was exposed from 2008 to 2012 to the CNGS beam: an almost pure vμ beam with a baseline of 730 km, collecting a total of 1.8·1020 protons on target. The OPER ...[more]

PMID: 34385471

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Project description:Tau immunotherapies have advanced from proof-of-concept studies to over a dozen clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Mechanistic studies in animal and culture models have provided valuable insight into how these therapies may work but multiple pathways are likely involved. Different groups have emphasized the importance of intracellular vs extracellular antibody-mediated clearance of the tau protein and there is no consensus on which pool of tau should ideally be targeted. Likewise, various normal and disease-selective epitopes are being targeted, and the antibody isotypes either favor phagocytosis of the tau-antibody complex or are neutral in that aspect. Most of the clinical trials are in early stages, thus their efficacy is not yet known, but all have been without any major adverse effects and some have reported target engagement. A few have been discontinued. One in phase I, presumably because of a poor pharmacokinetic profile, and three in phase II for a lack of efficacy although this trial stage is not well powered for efficacy measures. In these phase II studies, trials with two antibodies in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy or other primary tauopathies were halted but are continuing in patients with AD, and one antibody trial was stopped in early-stage AD but is continuing in moderate AD. These three antibodies have been reported to only work extracellularly and tau is not increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of primary tauopathies, which may explain the failures of two of them. In the discontinued AD trial, there are some concerns about how much of extracellular tau contains the N-terminal epitope that is being targeted. In addition, extracellular tau is only a small part of total tau, compared to intracellular tau. Targeting only the former may not be sufficient for functional benefits. Given these outcomes, decision makers within the pharmaceutical companies who green light these trials should attempt to target tau not only extracellularly but also intracellularly to increase their chances of success. Hopefully, some of the ongoing trials will provide some functional benefits to the large number of patients with tauopathies.

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OPERA tau neutrino charged current interactions.

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OPERA tau neutrino charged current interactions.

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