"Percussive" orbital trauma from wooden drumstick.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Garcia GA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8363944 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The ability of humans to mediate environmental variation through tool use is likely the key to our success. However, our current knowledge of early cultural evolution derives almost exclusively from studies of stone tools and fossil bones found in the archaeological record. Tools made of plants are intrinsically perishable, and as such are almost entirely absent in the early record of human material culture. Modern human societies as well as nonhuman primate species use plant materials for tools far more often than stone, suggesting that current archaeological data are missing a substantial component of ancient technology. Here, we develop methods that quantify internal and external damage pattern in percussive wooden tools of living primates. Our work shows that the inflicted damage is irreversible, potentially persisting throughout fossilization processes. This research presents opportunities to investigate organic artifacts, a significant and highly neglected aspect of technological evolution within the Primate order.
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Project description:Orbital fractures account for a significant portion of traumatic facial injuries. Although plastic surgery literature is helpful, additional pearls and insights are provided in this article from the experience of an oculoplastic surgeon. The fundamentals remain the same, but the perceptions differ and provide a healthy perspective on a long-standing issue. The most important thing to remember is that the optimal management plan is often variable, and the proper choice regarding which plan to choose rests upon the clinical scenario and the surgeon having an honest perception of his or her level of expertise and comfort level.
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Project description:IntroductionAlthough intra-orbital foreign bodies (IOrFBs) are commonly seen in daily ophthalmology practice, rarely, they can have very unusual clinical presentations, especially nonmetallic FBs.Presentation of caseA 33-year-old male presented with sudden onset right lower lid swelling and tearing. He was initially tolerating the symptoms, however, it got progressively worse, so he came two weeks after the initiation of symptoms. His eye vitals were within normal limit, including the visual acuity of 6/6 OU. Additionally, slit lamp and fundus examinations were benign. Concern was for infectious etiology with unclear source. After a lengthy conversation, he recalled falling on the ground with face down about 16 months ago. However, he stated that he had remained asymptomatic and never went for treatment after the incident. Non-contrast CT of head and orbit showed hyperdense tract in medial aspect of right eye adjacent to the globe, piercing across the bilateral ethmoidal sinuses. Thus, a diagnosis of retained IOrbFB was made. He underwent surgery where a 5cm rotten wood was extracted. Post-surgical course was uncomplicated. Not all penetrating intra-orbital foreign bodies present immediately after the incident. In our case the patient remained asymptomatic for 16 months.ConclusionTherefore, when dealing with an ocular infection of unclear source, clinicians should ask about distant histories of ocular or facial injuries to assess intraocular foreign bodies.
| S-EPMC9289385 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
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Project description:BackgroundHigh-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) is an alternative mode of mechanical ventilation that has been shown to improve gas exchange in subjects with severe respiratory failure. We hypothesized that HFPV use would improve ventilation and oxygenation in intubated children with acute bronchiolitis.MethodsIn this single-center prospective cohort study we included mechanically ventilated children in the pediatric ICU with bronchiolitis 1-24 months old who were transitioned to HFPV from conventional invasive mechanical ventilation from November 2018-April 2020. Patients with congenital heart disease, on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and with HFPV duration < 12 h were excluded. Subject gas exchange metrics and ventilator parameters were compared before and after HFPV initiation.ResultsForty-one of 192 (21%) patients intubated with bronchiolitis underwent HFPV, and 35 met inclusion criteria. Median age of cohort was 4 months, and 60% were previously healthy. All subjects with available oxygenation saturation index (OSI) measurements pre-HFPV met pediatric ARDS criteria (31/35, 89%). Mean CO2 decreased from 65.4 in the 24 h pre-HFPV to 51 (P < .001) in the 24 h post initiation. SpO2 /FIO2 was significantly improved at 24 h post-HFPV (153.3 to 209.7, P = .001), whereas the decrease in mean OSI at 24 h did not meet statistical significance (11.9 to 10.2, P = .15). The mean peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) decreased post-HFPV from 29.7 to 25.0 at 24 h (P < .001). No subjects developed an air leak or hemodynamic instability secondary to HFPV. Two subjects required ECMO, and of these, one subject died.ConclusionsHFPV was associated with significant improvement in ventilation and decreased exposure to high PIPs for mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis in our cohort and had a potential association with improved oxygenation. Our study shows that HFPV may be an effective alternative mode of ventilation in patients with bronchiolitis who have poor gas exchange on conventional invasive mechanical ventilation.
| S-EPMC9994098 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10869624 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveHigh frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) is used in acute respiratory failure, but is poorly described in pediatrics. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, ventilator settings, and outcomes of a large pediatric cohort, and to determine predictors of who would benefit from HFPV.HypothesisGas exchange 2 h after HFPV initiation predicts success.DesignSingle center retrospective cohort study testing association between gas exchange 2 h after HFPV initiation with success, defined a priori.PatientsIntubated children on HFPV for ≥2 h from 2012 to 2018.MethodsWe described indications, ventilator settings, and gas exchange immediately before, 2 h after, and at termination of HFPV. Univariate and multivariate regression tested association of oxygenation and ventilation after HFPV initiation with success. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were computed.ResultsWe performed 237 courses of HFPV in 193 children (22% non-survivors), of which 162 (68%) were successful. In univariate analysis, pH (AUROC, 0.65) and PCO2 (AUROC, 0.66) 2 h after HFPV predicted success. In multivariate analysis, pH (aOR: 1.67 per 1 SD; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.35), PCO2 (aOR: 0.49 per 1 SD; 95% CI: 0.31-0.79), and oxygenation index (aOR: 0.66 per 1 SD; 95% CI: 0.44-0.97) 2 h after HFPV initiation were associated with success.ConclusionWe describe the largest cohort of HFPV to date, with detailed description of indications and settings. Gas exchange after 2 h of HFPV was independently associated with success.
| S-EPMC7902396 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bulk RNA-Seq and snRNA-Seq of human orbital aft
2024-06-24 | GSE174139 | GEO
Project description:WRKY proteins belong to one of the largest families of transcription factors. They have important functions in plant growth and development, signal transduction and stress responses. However, little information is available regarding the WRKY family in drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.). In the present study, we identified 54 MoWRKY genes in this species using genomic data. On the basis of structural features of the proteins they encode, the MoWRKY genes were classified into three main groups, with the second group being further divided into five subgroups. Phylogenetic trees constructed from the sequences of WRKY domains and overall amino acid compositions derived from drumstick and Arabidopsis were similar; the results indicated that the WRKY domain was the main evolutionary unit of WRKY genes. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that genes with similar structures and proteins with similar motif compositions were usually clustered in the same class. Selective pressure analysis indicated that although neutral evolution and positive selection have happened in several MoWRKY genes, most have evolved under strong purifying selection. Moreover, different subgroups had evolved at different rates. The levels of expression of MoWRKY genes in response to five different abiotic stresses (salt, heat, drought, H2O2, cold) were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), with the results indicating that these genes had different expression levels and that some may be involved in abiotic stress responses. Our results will provide a foundation for cloning genes with specific functions for use in further research and applications.
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