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Neuro-COVID long-haulers exhibit broad dysfunction in T cell memory generation and responses to vaccination.

ABSTRACT: The high prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a significant health concern. In particular, virus-specific immunity in patients who suffer from chronic neurologic symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Neuro-PASC patients have a specific immunological signature composed of humoral and cellular responses that are biased towards different SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins compared to healthy COVID convalescents, including a significant elevation in Nucleocapsid-specific antibody and T cell responses. Interestingly, the severity of cognitive deficits or quality of life markers in Neuro-PASC patients are associated with reduced effector molecule expression in memory T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate a sustained elevation in T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in Neuro-PASC patients compared with healthy COVID convalescents. These data provide a framework for the rational design of predictive biomarkers and therapeutics for long COVID syndrome.

SUBMITTER: Visvabharathy L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8366804 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people with and without neurologic symptoms of long COVID.

Visvabharathy Lavanya L   Hanson Barbara A BA   Orban Zachary S ZS   Lim Patrick H PH   Palacio Nicole M NM   Jimenez Millenia M   Clark Jeffrey R JR   Graham Edith L EL   Liotta Eric M EM   Tachas George G   Penaloza-MacMaster Pablo P   Koralnik Igor J IJ  

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 20221021

Many people experiencing long COVID syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), suffer from debilitating neurologic symptoms (Neuro-PASC). However, whether virus-specific adaptive immunity is affected in Neuro-PASC patients remains poorly understood. We report that Neuro-PASC patients exhibit distinct immunological signatures composed of elevated humoral and cellular responses toward SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein at an average of 6 months post-infection compared to healthy  ...[more]

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