Adverse birth outcomes and associated factors among mothers who delivered in Bale zone hospitals, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia.
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ABSTRACT: Objective
Adverse birth outcomes, which include stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight, congenital abnormalities, and stillbirth, are the leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide. We assessed adverse birth outcomes and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Bale zone hospitals, Oromia, Southeast Ethiopia.Methods
We used systematic random sampling in this cross-sectional study. We identified factors associated with adverse birth outcomes using bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results
The proportion of adverse birth outcomes among participants was 21%. Of 576 births, 70 (12.2%) were low birthweight, 49 (8.5%) were preterm birth, 45 (7.8%) were stillbirth, and 18 (3.1%) infants had congenital anomalies. Inadequate antenatal care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.25-13.32), multiple pregnancy (AOR = 4.74, 95% CI 1.55-14.45), premature rupture of membranes in the current pregnancy (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.26-4.21), hemoglobin level < 11 g/dL (AOR = 3.22, 95% CI 1.85-5.58), and mid-upper arm circumference less than 23 cm (AOR = 5.93, 95% CI 3.49-10.08) were all significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes.Conclusions
Approximately one in five study participants had adverse birth outcomes. Increasing antenatal care uptake, ferrous supplementation during pregnancy, and improving the quality of maternal health services are recommended.
SUBMITTER: Degno S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8371032 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC6862861 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Congenital malformations are structural, functional, and metabolic defects that develop during the organogenesis period and present at birth or later in life. There has been little research on congenital malformations in Ethiopia, knowledge on the incidence of birth defects at birth is unknown and the etiologies of the anomalies are limited. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the modifiable risks of congenital anomalies among women in Bale zone hospitals, Ethiopia. METHODS:An unmatched case-control study was conducted from February 2018 to January 2019 in the Bale zone; namely Goba referral hospital, Robe, Ginnir and Dolomena hospitals. A total of 409 women were selected. Mothers who gave birth with any type of congenital malformation were assigned as cases and those who gave live births without any congenital abnormalities were assigned as controls. Controls were selected by the lottery method from the labor ward. For each case, two consecutive controls were included. Data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS:Alarmingly, women who had been exposed to pesticides during the current pregnancy were two times more prone to give congenital malformed infants than their counterparts (AOR?=?3.19; 95% CI?=?1.31, 10.96). Additionally, those women who chewed khat during the periconceptional period were two times more likely to have congenital malformed infants as compared to women who did not engage in this activity (AOR?=?2.40; 95% CI?=?1.11, 5.19). CONCLUSIONS:Urgent attention needs to be given by public health professionals and services to khat chewing and maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy to reduce the risk of congenital malformations.
| S-EPMC7045613 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC6219260 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundAdverse birth outcome is a common health problem consisting of several health effects involving pregnancy and the newborn infant. Infants with one or more adverse birth outcomes are at greater risk for mortality and a variety of health and developmental problems. Factors such as the age of the mother, antepartum hemorrhage, history of abortion, gestational age, anemia, and maternal undernutrition have predisposed the mother to adverse birth outcome. For appropriate prevention of the adverse birth outcomes, data pertaining to determinants of adverse birth outcomes are important. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the determinants of adverse birth outcomes among women who give birth in public hospitals of western Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based unmatched prospective case-control study was conducted from February 15 to April 15, 2020, in selected public hospitals of western Ethiopia. From mothers who gave birth in public hospitals of Wollega zones, 165 cases and 330 controls were selected. Mothers with adverse birth outcomes were cases and mothers without adverse birth were controls. Data was collected by structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. In addition to the interview, the data collectors abstracted clinical data by reviewing the mother and the babies' medical records. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Finally, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify determinants of adverse birth outcomes at P-value < 0.05.ResultsA total of 495 mothers (165 cases and 330 controls) were included in the study with a mean age of 28.48 + 5.908. Low ANC visit (AOR = 3.92: 95% CI; 1.86, 8.2), premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 2.83: 95% CI; 1.72,4.64), being Anemic (AOR = 2: 95% CI; 1.16,3.44), pregnancy induced-hypertension (AOR = 2.3:95% CI; 1.4,3.85), not getting dietary supplementation (AOR = 2.47:95% CI; 1.6,3.82), and physical abuse (AOR = 2.13: 95% CI; 1.05,4.32) were significantly associated with the development of the adverse birth outcome.ConclusionLow antenatal care visit, being anemic, premature rupture of membrane, pregnancy-induced hypertension, not getting dietary supplementation, and physical abuse were determinants of adverse birth outcomes. The clinicians should play a pivotal role to improve antenatal care follow up, counsel, and supplement recommended diets and minimize violence and abuse during pregnancy.
| S-EPMC8728986 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which poses therapeutic dilemmas. Some suggestions for drug treatment seem problematic. Beliefs about the causes of health problems are determinants of treatment seeking decisions. Hence, one of the alternatives for the solution of health problems is employing traditional medicine to prevent coronavirus disease 19.ObjectiveTo assess the knowledge, attitude, and utilization of drugs toward the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic among Bale zone residents.MethodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the Bale Zone population from May 30 to June 30, 2020. Eight hundred fifty-four participants were selected using a single population formula, and a multistage sampling technique was employed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the outcomes. A p value ⩽ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of the total 854 respondents, about 534 (62.5%) got information about coronavirus disease 19 from TV/radio. More than two-thirds (71.9%) of the respondents have known that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has no curative drugs, and 65.4% had a more appropriate attitude toward overall drug use in coronavirus disease 19. Level of education and, attitude towards drug use were singnificantly associated with knowledge of drugs, source of information about coronavirus disease 19 and having good practice were significantly associated with atittude toward drug utilization.ConclusionOne out of two study participants have good knowledge regarding drugs to the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Illiterate people in the community were identified to have poor knowledge about drugs, hence community educuation program is important to improve the knowledge about drugs towards the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic.
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Project description:BackgroundNeedle stick and sharps injuries are occupational hazards to healthcare workers. Every day healthcare workers are exposed to deadly blood borne pathogens through contaminated needles and other sharp objects. About twenty blood borne pathogens can be transmitted through accidental needle stick and sharp injury. The study was conducted to determine the lifetime and past one year prevalence of needle stick and sharps injuries and factors associated with the past one year injuries among hospital healthcare workers in Southeast Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in December 2014 among healthcare workers in four hospitals of Bale zone, Southeast of Ethiopia. A total of 362 healthcare workers were selected randomly from each department in the hospitals. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi-Info version 3.5 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent effect of each independent variable on the outcome variable. Written informed consent was secured from the participants.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime needle stick and sharp injury was 37.1% with 95% CI of 32.0% to 42.5%. The prevalence of injury within the past one year was 19.1% with 95% CI of 14.9% to 23.3%. Emergency ward was a department with highest needle stick and sharp injury (31.7%). The main cause of injury was syringe needles (69.8%). Participants who practiced needle recapping had higher odds of needle stick and sharp injury within the past 12 months (AOR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.78, 5.84) compared to their counterparts.ConclusionsNearly one out of five respondents had experienced needle stick and/or sharp injury at least once within past one year. There were practices and behaviors that put healthcare workers at risk of needle stick and sharp injury at the study area. Needle recapping was key modifiable risk behavior. Health policy makers and hospital administrators should formulate strategies to improve the working condition for healthcare workers and increase their adherence to universal precautions.
| S-EPMC4607483 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTreatment failure defined as progression of disease after initiation of ART or when the anti-HIV medications can't control the infection. One of the major concerns over the rapid scaling up of ART is the emergence and transmission of HIV drug resistant strains at the population level due to treatment failure. This could lead to the failure of basic ART programs. Thus this study aimed to investigate the predictors of treatment failure among adult ART clients in Bale Zone Hospitals, South east Ethiopia.MethodsRetrospective cohort study was employed in four hospitals of Bale zone named Goba, Robe, Ginir and Delomena. A total of 4,809 adult ART clients were included in the analysis from these four hospitals. Adherence was measured by pill count method. The Kaplan Meier (KM) curve was used to describe the survival time of ART patients without treatment failure. Bivariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for identifying associated factors of treatment failure.ResultThe incidence rate of treatment failure was found 9.38 (95% CI 7.79-11.30) per 1000 person years. Male ART clients were more likely to experience treatment failure as compared to females [AHR = 4.49; 95% CI: (2.61-7.73)].Similarly, lower CD4 count (<100 m3/dl) at initiation of ART was found significantly associated with higher odds of treatment failure [AHR = 3.79; 95% CI: (2.46-5.84).Bedridden [AHR = 5.02; 95% CI: (1.98-12.73)] and ambulatory [AHR = 2.12; 95% CI: (1.08-4.07)] patients were more likely to experience treatment failure as compared to patients with working functional status. TB co-infected clients had also higher odds to experience treatment failure [AHR = 3.06; 95% CI: (1.72-5.44)]. Those patients who had developed TB after ART initiation had higher odds to experience treatment failure as compared to their counter parts [AHR = 4.35; 95% CI: (1.99-9.54]. Having other opportunistic infection during ART initiation was also associated with higher odds of experiencing treatment failure [AHR = 7.0, 95% CI: (3.19-15.37)]. Similarly having fair [AHR = 4.99 95% CI: (1.90-13.13)] and poor drug adherence [AHR = 2.56; 95% CI: (1.12-5.86)]were significantly associated with higher odds of treatment failure as compared to clients with good adherence.ConclusionThe rate of treatment failure in Bale zone hospitals needs attention. Prevention and control of TB and other opportunistic infections, promotion of ART initiation at higher CD4 level, and better functional status, improving drug adherence are important interventions to reduce treatment failure among ART clients in Southeastern Ethiopia.
| S-EPMC5055376 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mothers worldwide to exclusively breastfeed infants for the child's first six months to achieve optimal growth, development, and health. Even though appropriate feeding practice is the most cost-effective intervention to reduce child morbidity and mortality, exclusive breastfeeding practices in developing countries are still low. Objective:The objective of the study was to assess exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among mothers in West Shoa zone. Methods:Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from May to December 2018 in the West Shoa zone, Ethiopia, among 710 mothers with 6-9-month-old infants. The multistage stage sampling technique was employed. A pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Epi Info version 7.1.2.0 was used to enter the data, and we transferred to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The association between factors and the exclusive breastfeeding were analyzed with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Result:A total of 710 women were included with a response rate of 97.9%. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 38.7%, and only 65.35% of the respondents reported that they have exclusively breastfed for the first six months of their infant's life. Marital status (AOR 2.467 (1.333-4.564)), ANC visit (AOR 2.562 (1.250-5.252)), pregnancy intentionality (AOR 4.727 (3.217-6.945)), postnatal care clinic attendance (AOR 3.373 (2.293-4.963)), and counseling on exclusive breastfeeding AOR 2.544 (1.239-5.225) were the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding practice is still low and actions need to be taken like educating the community about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding using every accessible media. Maternal health service centers should provide counseling and education for women about breastfeeding.
| S-EPMC7441431 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Birth weight is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity, and mortality. There are only few published reports on assessment of low birth weight in Ethiopia and the determinants of low birth weight have not been well characterized. Objective:The aim of this study was to assess determinants of low birth weight among live birth newborns delivered at public hospitals in Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia. Methods:Institution-based case control study was conducted from February 25 to April 25, 2018 and consecutively selected 60 cases and 240 controls were enrolled in this study. The data were collected using face-to-face interview and review of medical records. Moreover, we have measured the newborns' birth weight using a standard weight scale and mother's mid-upper arm circumference using a standard World Health Organization mid-upper arm circumference measuring tape. Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 21. Results:A total of 300 newborns were included in the study. Late antenatal care booking (adjusted odds ratio?=?1.87, confidence interval?=?[1.32-2.6]), birth interval <2?years (adjusted odds ratio?=?0.385, confidence interval?=?[0.176-0.83]), anemia (adjusted odds ratio?=?4.4, confidence interval?=?[1.84-10.5]), mid-upper arm circumference <23?cm (adjusted odds ratio?=?7.99, confidence interval?=?[3.5-20.3]), nutritional counseling (adjusted odds ratio?=?5.85, confidence interval?=?[2.14-14.8]), and husband smoking (adjusted odds ratio?=?4.73; confidence interval?=?[1.42-15.7]) were found to be determinant factors of low birth weight. Conclusion:Most of the determining factors of low birth weight were preventable. Therefore, clinical and public health interventions should target on those determinant factors to prevent its adverse effects.
| S-EPMC7385820 | biostudies-literature