Human MLH1/3 variants causing aneuploidy, pregnancy loss, and premature reproductive aging.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Singh P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8373927 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To assess the age at menarche and menopause of women with xeroderma pigmentosum, a DNA repair disease with premature aging, in a longitudinal natural history study. METHODS:We conducted a natural history study that reviewed medical records for gynecologic and reproductive health of all female patients with xeroderma pigmentosum aged older than 9 years examined at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). We performed gynecologic and laboratory examinations on a subset of the patients. Women in a second subset, who could not be examined, were interviewed using a questionnaire. Women who were deceased or lost to follow-up formed a third subset. RESULTS:Sixty females with xeroderma pigmentosum aged older than 9 years (median 29 years, range 10-61 years) were evaluated at the NIH from 1971 to 2018. Of these 60, 31 had history, questionnaire, record review, and gynecologic evaluation; 14 had record review and questionnaire interview by telephone; and 15 had only NIH record review. Menarche in females with xeroderma pigmentosum occurred at a median age of 12.0 years (range 9-17 years), which was comparable with the U.S. general population. Among the 18 patients with menopause, the median age at menopause of 29.5 years (range 18-49.5 years) was more than 20 years younger than in the U.S. general population (52.9 years). Premature menopause (before age 40 years) occurred in 14 of the 45 (31%) women aged 18 years or older, and primary ovarian insufficiency was documented in nine of them. There were 32 live births among 21 of the women, five of whom subsequently developed premature menopause. CONCLUSION:Females with xeroderma pigmentosum in our study had a normal age at menarche and were fertile but had increased incidence of premature menopause. Premature menopause, a symptom of premature aging, should be considered for gynecologic and reproductive health as well as implicating DNA repair in maintaining normal ovarian function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00001813.
| S-EPMC6768713 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Successful human reproduction relies on the well-orchestrated development of competent gametes through the process of meiosis. The loading of cohesin, a multi-protein complex, is a key event in the initiation of mammalian meiosis. Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion via cohesin rings is essential for ensuring homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and future proper chromosome segregation. Cohesin proteins loaded during female fetal life are not replenished over time, and therefore are a potential etiology of age-related aneuploidy in oocytes resulting in decreased fecundity and increased infertility and miscarriage rates with advancing maternal age. Herein, we provide a brief overview of meiotic cohesin and summarize the human genetic studies which have identified genetic variants of cohesin proteins and the associated reproductive phenotypes including primary ovarian insufficiency, trisomy in offspring, and non-obstructive azoospermia. The association of cohesion defects with cancer predisposition and potential impact on aging are also described. Expansion of genetic testing within clinical medicine, with a focus on cohesin protein-related genes, may provide additional insight to previously unknown etiologies of disorders contributing to gamete exhaustion in females, and infertility and reproductive aging in both men and women.
| S-EPMC8365356 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAt present, individualized interventions can be given to patients with a clear etiology of pregnancy loss to improve the subsequent pregnancy outcomes, but the current reproductive status of the patient cannot be changed. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between female reproductive status and subsequence pregnancy outcome in patients with prior pregnancy loss (PL).MethodsA prospective, dynamic population cohort study was carried out at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. From September 2019 to February 2022, a total of 1955 women with at least one previous PL were enrolled. Maternal reproductive status and subsequent reproductive outcomes were recorded through an electronic medical record system and follow-up. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between reproductive status and the risk of subsequent reproductive outcomes.ResultsAmong all patients, the rates of subsequent infertility, early PL, late PL, and live birth were 20.82%, 24.33%, 1.69% and 50.77% respectively. In logistic regression, we found that age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.13) and previous cesarean delivery history (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.27-4.76) were risk factors for subsequent infertility in patients with PL. Age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10), age at first pregnancy (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10), BMI (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11), previous PL numbers (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.57) and without pre-pregnancy intervention (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.35-2.24) were risk factors for non-live birth. Age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09), age at first pregnancy (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09), BMI (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.11), previous PL numbers (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.31) and without pre-pregnancy intervention (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.65-2.84) were risk factors for PL.ConclusionsThe reproductive status of people with PL is strongly correlated with the outcome of subsequent pregnancies. Active pre-pregnancy intervention can improve the subsequent pregnancy outcome.Trial registrationThis study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registration number of ChiCTR2000039414 (27/10/2020).
| S-EPMC10964557 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cellular senescence is a hallmark of normal aging and aging-related syndromes, including the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a rare genetic disorder caused by a single mutation in the LMNA gene that results in the constitutive expression of a truncated splicing mutant of lamin A known as progerin. Progerin accumulation leads to increased cellular stresses including unrepaired DNA damage, activation of the p53 signaling pathway and accelerated senescence. We previously established that the p53 isoforms ?133p53 and p53? regulate senescence in normal human cells. However, their role in premature aging is unknown. Here we report that p53 isoforms are expressed in primary fibroblasts derived from HGPS patients, are associated with their accelerated senescence and that their manipulation can restore the replication capacity of HGPS fibroblasts. We found that in near-senescent HGPS fibroblasts, which exhibit low levels of ?133p53 and high levels of p53?, restoration of ?133p53 expression was sufficient to extend replicative lifespan and delay senescence, despite progerin levels and abnormal nuclear morphology remaining unchanged. Conversely, ?133p53 depletion or p53? overexpression accelerated the onset of senescence in otherwise proliferative HGPS fibroblasts. Our data indicate that ?133p53 exerts its role by modulating full-length p53 (FLp53) signaling to extend the replicative lifespan and promotes the repair of spontaneous progerin-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We showed that ?133p53 dominant-negative inhibition of FLp53 occurs directly at the p21/CDKN1A and miR-34a promoters, two p53 senescence-associated genes. In addition, ?133p53 expression increased the expression of DNA repair RAD51, likely through upregulation of E2F1, a transcription factor that activates RAD51, to promote repair of DSBs. In summary, our data indicate that ?133p53 modulates p53 signaling to repress progerin-induced early onset of senescence in HGPS cells. Therefore, restoration of ?133p53 expression may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat aging-associated phenotypes of HGPS in vivo.
| S-EPMC5954431 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate, in men presenting with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), the prevalence of sperm autosome and sex chromosome aneuploidy.DesignRetrospective study.SettingMale infertility clinic.Patient(s)A total of 140 men with RPL provided semen samples, and five normozoospermic controls provided 140 semen samples for comparison. Recurrent pregnancy loss, documented in the female partners, was defined as a prior miscarriage and/or recurrent IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection failure.Intervention(s)Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect numerical abnormalities in sex chromosomes (X, Y) and autosomes (13, 18, 21) in ejaculated sperm.Main outcome measure(s)Sperm aneuploidy in men with RPL and normozoospermic controls.Result(s)Men with RPL had a greater percentage of sperm aneuploidy within the sex chromosomes and chromosomes 18 and 13/21 (1.04% vs. 0.38%; 0.18% vs. 0.03%; 0.26% vs. 0.08%). In total, 40% of men with normal sperm density and motility had abnormal sperm aneuploidy in all the chromosomes analyzed. Men with abnormal sperm density and motility had a higher proportion of sperm sex chromosome aneuploidy than men with normal density/motility (62% vs. 45%). Men with normal strict morphology (>4%) had lower rates of sex chromosome and sperm aneuploidy than men with abnormal strict morphology (28% vs. 57%). There was no association between sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm aneuploidy.Conclusion(s)Men with RPL have increased sperm aneuploidy compared with controls. A total of 40% of men with RPL and normal sperm density/motility had abnormal sperm aneuploidy. Men with oligoasthenozoospermia and abnormal strict morphology had a greater percentage of sperm aneuploidy compared with men with normal semen parameters.
| S-EPMC4385482 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPhthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite the sensitivity of female reproductive processes to oxidation-reduction reaction stress and endocrine disruption, evidence for the impact of women's phthalate exposure on the ability to establish and maintain pregnancy has been inconclusive.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the relationship of preconception phthalate metabolite exposure with a) fecundability and pregnancy loss and b) markers of potential biological mechanisms, including reproductive hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress.MethodsData were collected from the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) trial, a preconception study following 1,228 women who were attempting pregnancy, for up to six menstrual cycles and throughout pregnancy if they became pregnant. Twenty phthalate metabolites were measured in a consecutive 3-d pooled urine sample at enrollment. Pregnancy was determined through urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at the expected date of menses during each cycle and pregnancy loss as an observed loss following positive hCG. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and isoprostanes were measured at enrollment, and reproductive hormones were measured during the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase. Discrete-time Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the relationship of phthalate metabolites with fecundability and weighted Poisson models with robust variance evaluated the risk of pregnancy loss.ResultsAn interquartile range (IQR) higher mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [fecundability odds ratio (FOR)=0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78, 1.00], mono-butyl phthalate (FOR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.96), and mono-benzyl phthalate (FOR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.98) was associated with lower fecundability. No consistent associations were observed with pregnancy loss. Preconception phthalates were consistently associated with higher hsCRP and isoprostanes, as well as lower estradiol and higher follicle-stimulating hormone across the menstrual cycle.DiscussionWomen's preconception exposure to phthalates was associated with lower fecundability, changes in reproductive hormones, and increased inflammation and oxidative stress. The pre- and periconception periods may represent sensitive windows for intervening to limit the reproductive toxicity of phthalate exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12287.
| S-EPMC10718297 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Premature aging is a hallmark of Down syndrome, caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21; but the reason is unclear and difficult to study in humans. We used an aneuploid model in wild yeast to show that chromosome amplification disrupts nutrient-induced cell-cycle arrest, quiescence entry, and healthy aging, across genetic backgrounds and amplified chromosomes. We discovered that these defects are due in part to aneuploidy-induced dysfunction in Ribosome Quality Control (RQC). Aneuploids entering quiescence display aberrant ribosome profiles, accumulate RQC intermediates, and harbor an increased load of protein aggregates. Although they have normal proteasome capacity, aneuploids show signs of ubiquitin dysregulation, which impacts cyclin abundance to disrupt arrest. Remarkably, inducing ribosome stalling in euploids produces similar aberrations, while up-regulating limiting RQC subunits or proteins in ubiquitin metabolism alleviates many of the aneuploid defects. Our results raise major implications for other aneuploidy disorders including Down syndrome.
2024-07-31 | GSE269236 | GEO
Project description:Premature aging is a hallmark of Down syndrome, caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21; but the reason is unclear and difficult to study in humans. We used an aneuploid model in wild yeast to show that chromosome amplification disrupts nutrient-induced cell-cycle arrest, quiescence entry, and healthy aging, across genetic backgrounds and amplified chromosomes. We discovered that these defects are due in part to aneuploidy-induced dysfunction in Ribosome Quality Control (RQC). Aneuploids entering quiescence display aberrant ribosome profiles, accumulate RQC intermediates, and harbor an increased load of protein aggregates. Although they have normal proteasome capacity, aneuploids show signs of ubiquitin dysregulation, which impacts cyclin abundance to disrupt arrest. Remarkably, inducing ribosome stalling in euploids produces similar aberrations, while up-regulating limiting RQC subunits or proteins in ubiquitin metabolism alleviates many of the aneuploid defects. Our results raise major implications for other aneuploidy disorders including Down syndrome.
2024-07-31 | GSE269237 | GEO
Project description:Chromosome aneuploidy increases in oocytes with maternal age, and is considered the leading cause for the increased incidence of infertility, miscarriage, and birth defects. Using mRNA-Sequencing of oocytes from 12 month old mouse versus 3 month young mouse, we identified a spindle assembly checkpoint gene, BubR1, whose expression was significantly decreased. We employed a mRNA microinjection based approach to increase BubR1 expression in aging oocytes. We find that increased expression of BubR1 protects against aneuploidy and chromosome misalignment in aging oocytes. After in vitro fertilization, the embryos derived from BubR1 increased expression aging oocytes exhibited chromosome stability as robust as those of the young ones. Furthermore, following embryo transfer, these embryos showed greatly improved developmental competency, with comparable levels of full-term development to those of the young ones. These results indicate that the decline in oocyte quality may be reversible and could lead to treatments that prolong female fertility. Examination of the effect of maternal aging on the mRNA expression in the mature oocytes of the female mice. Naturally ovulated mature oocytes (MII stage) were collected from 6 young (3 month) and 6 aging (12 month) female mice (3 oocytes per mice, 18 oocytes for each group).
2014-05-10 | E-GEOD-57482 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aneuploidy of meiotic origin is a major contributor to age-related subfertility and an increased risk of miscarriage in women. Although age-related aneuploidy has been studied in rodents, the mare may be a more appropriate animal model to study reproductive aging. Similar to women, aged mares show reduced fertility and an increased incidence of early pregnancy loss; however, it is not known whether aging predisposes to aneuploidy in equine oocytes. We evaluated the effect of advanced mare age on (1) gene expression for cohesin components, (2) incidence of aneuploidy and (3) chromosome centromere cohesion (measured as the distance between sister kinetochores) in oocytes matured in vitro. Oocytes from aged mares showed reduced gene expression for the centromere cohesion stabilizing protein, Shugoshin 1. Moreover, in vitro matured oocytes from aged mares showed a higher incidence of aneuploidy and premature sister chromatid separation, and weakened centromeric cohesion. We therefore propose the mare as a valid model for studying effects of aging on centromeric cohesion; cohesion loss predisposes to disintegration of bivalents and premature separation of sister chromatids during the first meiotic division, leading to embryonic aneuploidy; this probably contributes to the reduced fertility and increased incidence of pregnancy loss observed in aged mares.
| S-EPMC7695376 | biostudies-literature