Cannabis and tobacco use prior to pregnancy and subsequent offspring birth outcomes: a 20-year intergenerational prospective cohort study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hines LA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8376878 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) are increasingly prevalent, with major consequences for health and development into later life. There is emerging evidence that some risk processes begin before pregnancy. We report on associations between maternal and paternal common mental disorders (CMD) before and during pregnancy and offspring PTB and SGA.Methods398 women with 609 infants and 267 men with 421 infants were assessed repeatedly for CMD symptoms before pregnancy between age 14 and 29 and during pregnancy. Associations between preconception and antenatal CMD symptoms and offspring gestational age/PTB and size for gestational age/SGA were estimated using linear and Poisson regression.FindingsIn men, persistent preconception CMD across adolescence and young adulthood predicted offspring PTB after adjustment for ethnicity, education, BMI and adolescent substance use (adjusted RR 7·0, 95% CI 1·8,26·8), corresponding to a population attributable fraction of 31% of preterm births. In women, antenatal CMD symptoms predicted offspring PTB (adjusted RR 4·4, 95% CI 1·4,14·1). There was little evidence of associations with SGA.InterpretationThis first report of an association between paternal preconception mental health and offspring gestational age, while requiring replication in larger samples, complements earlier work on stress in animals, and further strengthens the case for expanding preconception mental health care to both men and women.FundingNational Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, Australian Rotary Health, Colonial Foundation, Perpetual Trustees, Financial Markets Foundation for Children (Australia), Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australian Research Council.
| S-EPMC7599306 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability (ID) is less well understood than that of smoking and fetal growth restriction. As fetal growth and cognitive development may share similar confounding structures, comparison of the two associations may improve understanding of the causal nature of the association with ID. Furthermore, comparisons of smoking with smokeless tobacco use may aid identification of mechanisms of action.MethodsThis was a cohort study of all Swedish births between 1999 and 2012 (n = 1 070 013), with prospectively recorded data. We assessed the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring outcomes ID and born small for gestational age (SGA). Analyses were repeated for snus use in pregnancy. Using a sibling design, we estimated within-family effects that control for shared sibling characteristics.ResultsThose exposed to maternal smoking in pregnancy had increased odds of ID [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-1.33] and SGA (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 2.11-2.27) after confounder adjustment. Within-family effects were found for SGA (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27-1.63) but not ID (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.74-1.14). For snus use, the results for ID were similar to smoking. We found increased odds of offspring SGA among mothers who used snus in pregnancy in sensitivity analyses but not in primary analyses.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with a causal effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy on risk of offspring born SGA but not on risk of ID. We found no evidence for a causal effect of snus use in pregnancy on ID and inconclusive evidence for SGA.
| S-EPMC8743113 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Parental cannabis use disorder (CUD) and low positive parenting (monitoring, support, and consistency) are risk factors for adolescent cannabis use. However, it is unclear whether parental cannabis use without CUD is sufficient to increase risk for low positive parenting and adolescent cannabis use. Additionally, parents may not treat each of their adolescents the same, and risk for adolescent cannabis use may increase as a result of low levels of positive parenting in families or low positive parenting unique to each adolescent. The current study prospectively tested low positive parenting as a mediator of the relation between parental cannabis use history (with parental cannabis use and CUD considered separately) and adolescent cannabis use at the family level and individual level. Participants were 363 adolescents from a multigenerational longitudinal study who reported on positive parenting when they were ages 9-16 (M = 11.6, SD = 1.40) and on cannabis use when they were ages 13-19 (M = 16.3, SD = 1.84). Parents reported on their own cannabis use and CUD. Results showed that parental CUD was associated with adolescent cannabis use (OR = 3.62, p = .047) but parental cannabis use without CUD was not, and only parental CUD predicted low positive parenting (B = -0.28, p < .05). Average levels of low positive parenting within a family partially mediated the association between parental CUD and offspring cannabis use. These findings suggest parental cannabis use alone may not impair parenting, but parental use that meets criteria for CUD does impair parenting. Additionally, average levels of positive parenting in families may be a mechanism underlying the intergenerational transmission of cannabis use. (PsycINFO Database Record
| S-EPMC5805616 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAt present, individualized interventions can be given to patients with a clear etiology of pregnancy loss to improve the subsequent pregnancy outcomes, but the current reproductive status of the patient cannot be changed. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between female reproductive status and subsequence pregnancy outcome in patients with prior pregnancy loss (PL).MethodsA prospective, dynamic population cohort study was carried out at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. From September 2019 to February 2022, a total of 1955 women with at least one previous PL were enrolled. Maternal reproductive status and subsequent reproductive outcomes were recorded through an electronic medical record system and follow-up. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between reproductive status and the risk of subsequent reproductive outcomes.ResultsAmong all patients, the rates of subsequent infertility, early PL, late PL, and live birth were 20.82%, 24.33%, 1.69% and 50.77% respectively. In logistic regression, we found that age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.13) and previous cesarean delivery history (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.27-4.76) were risk factors for subsequent infertility in patients with PL. Age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10), age at first pregnancy (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10), BMI (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11), previous PL numbers (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.57) and without pre-pregnancy intervention (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.35-2.24) were risk factors for non-live birth. Age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09), age at first pregnancy (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09), BMI (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.11), previous PL numbers (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.31) and without pre-pregnancy intervention (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.65-2.84) were risk factors for PL.ConclusionsThe reproductive status of people with PL is strongly correlated with the outcome of subsequent pregnancies. Active pre-pregnancy intervention can improve the subsequent pregnancy outcome.Trial registrationThis study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registration number of ChiCTR2000039414 (27/10/2020).
| S-EPMC10964557 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDigital media engagement, such as browsing the internet or social media posting, may be associated with cannabis and tobacco product use initiation among adolescents. Whether certain digital media exposure confers greater - or reduced - risk for specific cannabis or tobacco products is unknown.MethodsAdolescents completed surveys on digital media and substance use every 6 months from 2015 to 2017 (4 waves). Self-reported digital media use (14 items) was classified into six subcategories (e.g., "social media posting," "reading news/articles & browsing photos"). Random-effect repeated-measures regression models examined the association of exposure to each digital media subcategory with subsequent cannabis or tobacco product use initiation in the next 6 months, among baseline cannabis and tobacco never-users (n = 1841; n = 1558, respectively).ResultsHigh frequency digital media use (multiple times/day) of "social media posting" (vs. no high frequency use; OR = 1.95; 95%CI:1.20-3.17) and "checking in" (OR = 1.71; 95%CI:1.23-2.38) was associated with greater odds of any cannabis product use initiation 6 months later. "Reading news/articles & browsing photos" was associated with decreased odds of initiation (OR = 0.52; 95%CI:0.34-0.79). "Checking in" and "reading news/articles & browsing photos" were similarly associated with any tobacco use initiation. "Chatting and shopping" was associated with greater odds (OR = 4.63; 95%CI:1.53-14.06) of e-cigarette initiation, but not of other product use initiation.ConclusionsSome subcategories of digital media use conferred increased odds, others conferred reduced odds, and others were not associated with cannabis and tobacco use initiation. Research exploring mechanisms that put users of specific digital media at greater risk for substance use initiation is warranted.
| S-EPMC7780898 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMaternal smoking has known adverse effects on fetal development. However, research on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability (ID) is limited, and whether any associations are due to a causal effect or residual confounding is unknown.MethodCohort study of all Danish births between 1995 and 2012 (1 066 989 persons from 658 335 families after exclusions), with prospectively recorded data for cohort members, parents and siblings. We assessed the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (18.6% exposed, collected during prenatal visits) and offspring ID (8051 cases, measured using ICD-10 diagnosis codes F70-F79) using logistic generalised estimating equation regression models. Models were adjusted for confounders including measures of socio-economic status and parental psychiatric diagnoses and were adjusted for family averaged exposure between full siblings. Adjustment for a family averaged exposure allows calculation of the within-family effect of smoking on child outcomes which is robust against confounders that are shared between siblings.ResultsWe found increased odds of ID among those exposed to maternal smoking in pregnancy after confounder adjustment (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.28-1.42) which attenuated to a null effect following adjustment for family averaged exposure (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78-1.06).ConclusionsOur findings are inconsistent with a causal effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring ID risk. By estimating a within-family effect, our results suggest that prior associations were the result of unmeasured genetic or environmental characteristics of families in which the mother smokes during pregnancy.
| S-EPMC8044256 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lifestyle during pregnancy impacts the health of the mother and child. However, the extent to which physical activity affects maternal biomarkers and factors that might influence birth weight remains unclear. We analysed data from two lifestyle interventions in which the effects of an exercise programme (2x/week, 60-90 min) on the course of pregnancy with regard to adipokines and offspring were evaluated. A total of 70 women participated in this study (45, intervention group; 25, control group). Anthropometric data and maternal fasting serum leptin and resistin levels were measured at three time points (approximately 14th (T1), 24th (T2), and 36th (T3) weeks of gestation). Neonatal/child data were retrieved from screening examinations. Independent of the intervention, we found a positive correlation between the fat mass at T1 and both leptin and resistin levels at all time points. Leptin level was significantly higher in the control group at T3; however, no differences between the groups were found for resistin. The birth weight was influenced by the birth length, fat mass at T1/T3, and resistin level at T2. The BMI-SDS at one year of age was influenced by maternal fat-free mass at T3 and resistin at T1/T2. Even if these results can only be interpreted cautiously, lifestyle interventions during pregnancy are important in promoting maternal and child health. Further randomised controlled trials and translational studies are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
| S-EPMC9953512 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Increasing rates of postpartum haemorrhage and obstetric transfusion mean that more women are entering subsequent pregnancies with a history of blood transfusion. This study investigates subsequent pregnancy outcomes of women with a prior obstetric red cell transfusion, compared to women without a transfusion. METHODS:All women with a first pregnancy resulting in a liveborn singleton infant of at least 20 weeks gestation delivering in hospitals in New South Wales, Australia, between 2003 and 2012 were included in the study, with followup for second births until June 2015. Linked hospital and births data were used to identify women with a transfusion and/or postpartum haemorrhage in their first birth, time to second pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes (including transfusion, postpartum haemorrhage and severe morbidity) in their subsequent birth. RESULTS:There were 358,384 singleton births to primiparous women, with 1.4% receiving an obstetric blood transfusion. Sixty-three percent of women had at least one subsequent birth. The relative risk (RR) of requiring a transfusion in a second birth was 4.9 (95% CI 4.1,6.1) for women with a previous transfusion compared with women without. The risk (RR) of severe morbidity in a second birth was 4.1 times higher (95% CI 2.2,7.4) for those receiving a transfusion without haemorrhage in their first birth compared with women with neither haemorrhage nor transfusion. CONCLUSION:It is important to consider a woman's history of transfusion and/or haemorrhage as part of her obstetric history to ensure management in a manner that minimises risk in subsequent pregnancies.
| S-EPMC6161869 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Data concerning the effects of prenatal exposures to phthalates and phenols on fetal growth are limited in humans. Previous findings suggest possible effects of some phenols on male birth weight. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the relationships between prenatal exposures to phthalates and phenols and fetal growth among male newborns. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on male malformations of the genitalia nested in two French mother-child cohorts with recruitment between 2002 and 2006. We measured, in maternal urinary samples collected between 6 and 30 gestational weeks, the concentrations (micrograms per liter) of 9 phenol (n = 191 pregnant women) and 11 phthalate metabolites (n = 287). Weight, length, and head circumference at birth were collected from maternity records. Statistical analyses were corrected for the oversampling of malformation cases. RESULTS: Adjusted birth weight decreased by 77 g [95% confidence interval (CI): -129, -25] and by 49 g (95% CI: -86, -13) in association with a 1-unit increase in ln-transformed 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and 2,5-DCP urinary concentrations, respectively. Benzophenone-3 (BP3) ln-transformed concentrations were positively associated with weight (26 g; 95% CI: -2, 54) and head circumference at birth (0.1 cm; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.2). Head circumference increased by 0.3 cm (95% CI: 0.0, 0.7) in association with a 1-unit increase in ln-transformed BPA concentration. For phthalate metabolites there was no evidence of monotonic associations with birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with findings of a previous study, we observed evidence of an inverse association of 2,5-DCP and a positive association of BP3 with male birth weight.
| S-EPMC3295340 | biostudies-other
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Tobacco control programs and policies reduce tobacco use and prevent health and economic harms. The majority of tobacco control programs and policies in the United States are implemented at local and state levels. Yet the literature on state-level initiatives reports a limited set of outcomes. To facilitate decision-making that is increasingly focused on costs, we provide estimates of a broader set of measures of the impact of tobacco control policy, including smoking prevalence, disease events, deaths, medical costs, productivity and tobacco tax revenues, using the experience of Minnesota as an example. METHODS:Using the HealthPartners Institute's ModelHealth™: Tobacco MN microsimulation, we assessed the impact of the stream of tobacco control expenditures and cigarette price increases from 1998 to 2017. We simulated 1.3 million individuals representative of the Minnesota population. RESULTS:The simulation estimated that increased expenditures on tobacco control above 1997 levels prevented 38,400 cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes and respiratory disease events and 4,100 deaths over 20 years. Increased prices prevented 14,600 additional events and 1,700 additional deaths. Both the net increase in tax revenues and the reduction in medical costs were greater than the additional investments in tobacco control. CONCLUSION:Combined, the policies address both short-term and long-term goals to reduce the harms of tobacco by helping adults who wish to quit smoking and deterring youth from starting to smoke. States can pay for initial investments in tobacco control through tax increases and recoup those investments through reduced expenditures on medical care.
| S-EPMC7080278 | biostudies-literature