Dataset Information

Income of informal labourers in rural areas: A survey dataset of northern mountainous regions in Vietnam.

ABSTRACT: This article introduces a dataset that presents not only the income of informal labourers in Vietnam's northern mountainous regions but also rural labourers' characteristics and the factors affecting rural labourers' income. The data collection was conducted in five provinces: Tuyen Quang, Quang Ninh, Ha Giang, Yen Bai, and Bac Giang. Farmers and labourers without labour contracts in rural regions are the target groups. A total of 750 survey questionnaires were equally distributed across five provinces through the snowball sampling method; in all, data from 725 collected questionnaires were selected for analysis. The dataset was collected through a three-part survey. Nominal, ordinal, and scale were used in the survey questionnaire. Tables and bar charts present data outputs. Analysis of the data provided insight into the correlation between the rural labourers' income and factors that may prove beneficial for researchers and provincial policymakers interested in, and in charge of, social development in rural areas. The dataset was obtained as a reference source for intensive studies on socio-economic development in rural regions.

SUBMITTER: Mai AN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8377422 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Income of informal labourers in rural areas: A survey dataset of northern mountainous regions in Vietnam.

Mai Anh Ngoc AN Pham Thao Huong TH Hoang Ha Thanh HT Nguyen Hoa Hoang Thi HHT

Data in brief 20210814

This article introduces a dataset that presents not only the income of informal labourers in Vietnam's northern mountainous regions but also rural labourers' characteristics and the factors affecting rural labourers' income. The data collection was conducted in five provinces: Tuyen Quang, Quang Ninh, Ha Giang, Yen Bai, and Bac Giang. Farmers and labourers without labour contracts in rural regions are the target groups. A total of 750 survey questionnaires were equally distributed across five pr ...[more]

PMID: 34458522

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Project description:BackgroundThe outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has brought about severe negative livelihood consequences for rural households worldwide. However, the heterogeneity and dynamics of livelihood impacts have been under-researched. There is also lacking a livelihood assessment of the pandemic based on a whole pandemic cycle. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic and heterogeneous livelihood impacts of COVID-19 pandemic for rural households in 2020 based on a case study of Southeast China.MethodsThe pandemic in China had experienced a complete cycle from initial outbreak, to intermediate recovery and finally new normal stage in 2020. We conducted face-to-face interviews with 95 rural households randomly drawn from 2 rural villages in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province, Southeast China. The sampled households are interviewed with a questionnaire through face-to-face surveys in February and March, 2021 to evaluate the overall livelihood impacts of the pandemic during 2020. The survey collected data on demographic and economic characteristics, governmental control measures, and effects of the COVID-19 on agricultural production, employment, income, education, and daily life. In-depth interviews are also conducted to clarify the livelihood impacts of COVID-19 on villages.ResultsResults showed that the pandemic tremendously caused substantially negative livelihood impacts, including decreasing household income, and disorders in daily lives. The average income loss of all survey households is 6,842 RMB, accounting for 13.01% of the total household income in 2020. Containment measures also resulted in a series of disturbances in daily lives, such as rising food price additional expenditures, travel restrictions, party restrictions, closure of schools and deceasing living standards. There is remarkable household heterogeneity in the livelihood impacts. Results also revealed that the livelihood strategies of rural households to cope with the threat of COVID-19 were different in various pandemic stages.ConclusionOur findings have illustrated the severity and heterogeneity of livelihood impacts on rural households induced by COVID-19 pandemic. The dynamics of livelihood impacts is also highlighted in the study. Several policy suggestion was proposed to mitigate these negative consequences of the pandemic.

Project description:BackgroundThe irrational overuse of antibiotics should be minimized as it drives the development of antibiotic resistance, but changing these practices is challenging. A better understanding is needed of practices and economic incentives for antibiotic dispensing in order to design effective interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. Here we report on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of antibiotic sales in private pharmacies in northern Vietnam.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in which all drug sales were observed and recorded for three consecutive days at thirty private pharmacies, 15 urban and 15 rural, in the Hanoi region in 2010. The proportion of antibiotics to total drug sales was assessed and the revenue was calculated for rural and urban settings. Pharmacists and drug sellers were interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews to understand the incentive structure of antibiotic dispensing.ResultsIn total 2953 drug sale transactions (2083 urban and 870 rural) were observed. Antibiotics contributed 24% and 18% to the total revenue of pharmacies in urban and rural, respectively. Most antibiotics were sold without a prescription: 88% in urban and 91% in rural pharmacies. The most frequent reported reason for buying antibiotics was cough in the urban setting (32%) and fever in the rural area (22%). Consumers commonly requested antibiotics without having a prescription: 50% in urban and 28% in rural area. The qualitative data revealed that drug sellers and customer's knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance were low, particularly in rural area.ConclusionOver the counter sales of antibiotic without a prescription remains a major problem in Vietnam. Suggested areas of improvement are enforcement of regulations and pricing policies and educational programs to increase the knowledge of drug sellers as well as to increase community awareness to reduce demand-side pressure for drug sellers to dispense antibiotics inappropriately.

Dataset Information

Income of informal labourers in rural areas: A survey dataset of northern mountainous regions in Vietnam.

Publications

Income of informal labourers in rural areas: A survey dataset of northern mountainous regions in Vietnam.

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