Project description:Here we report on the antibody and memory B cell responses of a cohort of 20 volunteers who received the Moderna (mRNA-1273) or Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine against SARS-CoV-21-4. Eight weeks after the second injection of vaccine, volunteers showed high levels of IgM and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) and receptor-binding-domain (RBD) binding titre. Moreover, the plasma neutralizing activity and relative numbers of RBD-specific memory B cells of vaccinated volunteers were equivalent to those of individuals who had recovered from natural infection5,6. However, activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants that encode E484K-, N501Y- or K417N/E484K/N501-mutant S was reduced by a small-but significant-margin. The monoclonal antibodies elicited by the vaccines potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2, and target a number of different RBD epitopes in common with monoclonal antibodies isolated from infected donors5-8. However, neutralization by 14 of the 17 most-potent monoclonal antibodies that we tested was reduced or abolished by the K417N, E484K or N501Y mutation. Notably, these mutations were selected when we cultured recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing SARS-CoV-2 S in the presence of the monoclonal antibodies elicited by the vaccines. Together, these results suggest that the monoclonal antibodies in clinical use should be tested against newly arising variants, and that mRNA vaccines may need to be updated periodically to avoid a potential loss of clinical efficacy.

| S-EPMC8503938 | biostudies-literature

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization from Inactivated and ZF2001 Vaccines.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9342420 | biostudies-literature

Serosurvey in SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies against authentic SARS-CoV-2 and its viral variants.

Project description:Various variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been emerging and circulating in different parts of the world. Millions of vaccine doses have been administered globally, which reduces the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease-2019 efficiently. Here, we assess the immune responses of individuals after two shots of BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac inactivated vaccine. We measured neutralizing antibody responses after the second vaccination by using authentic SARS-CoV-2 and its viral variants. All the serum samples efficiently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 wild-type lineage, in contrast, a part of serum samples failed to neutralize Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, or Eta lineages, and only several serum samples were able to neutralize Omicron lineage virus strains (BA.1 and BA.2) with low neutralization titer. As compared with the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type lineage, the neutralization of all other SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages was significantly lower. Considering that all the SARS-CoV-2 mutation viruses challenged the antibody neutralization induced by BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac, it is necessary to carry out a third booster vaccination to increase the humoral immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 mutation viruses.

| S-EPMC9538410 | biostudies-literature

Neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 by anatomical embalming solutions.

Project description:Teaching and learning anatomy by using human cadaveric specimens has been a foundation of medical and biomedical teaching for hundreds of years. Therefore, the majority of institutions that teach topographical anatomy rely on body donation programmes to provide specimens for both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching of gross anatomy. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to anatomy teaching because of the suspension of donor acceptance at most institutions. This was largely due to concerns about the potential transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the absence of data about the ability of embalming solutions to neutralise the virus. Twenty embalming solutions commonly used in institutions in the United Kingdom and Ireland were tested for their ability to neutralise SARS-CoV-2, using an established cytotoxicity assay. All embalming solutions tested neutralised SARS-CoV-2, with the majority of solutions being effective at high-working dilutions. These results suggest that successful embalming with the tested solutions can neutralise the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby facilitating the safe resumption of body donation programmes and cadaveric anatomy teaching.

| S-EPMC8546517 | biostudies-literature

SARS-CoV-2 spike E484K mutation reduces antibody neutralisation.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8026167 | biostudies-literature