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Impact of Prior Infection on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission in Syrian Hamsters.

ABSTRACT: Prior infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides protective immunity against reinfection. However, whether prior infection blocks SARS-CoV-2 transmission is not yet clear. Here, we evaluated the impact of prior infection on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Syrian hamsters. Our results showed that prior infection significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in Syrian hamsters, but sterilizing immunity was not achieved. Prior infection blocked the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from previously infected Syrian hamsters to naïve Syrian hamsters and previously infected Syrian hamsters. Moreover, prior infection substantially reduced the efficiency of direct contact transmission between previously infected Syrian hamsters. However, prior infection had limited impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission from previously infected Syrian hamsters to naïve Syrian hamsters via direct contact in the early course of infection. Human reinfection and SARS-CoV-2 transmission between a previously infected population and a healthy population would be likely, and a higher vaccination coverage rate was needed to reach herd immunity. Our work will aid the implementation of appropriate public health and social measures to control coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

SUBMITTER: Zhang C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8383181 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionThe evidence for vertical transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not well established. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize emerging evidence on the vertical transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and CENTRAL. Likewise, a search for preprint publications was conducted using MedRxiv and Research Square. Studies that addressed vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (concept) among pregnant women infected by Covid-19 (population) in any setting (community, hospital, or home) in any country or context were considered for inclusion. Any types of studies or reports published between December 2019 and September 2020 addressing the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnant women and their newborn babies were included. Studies were screened for eligibility against the inclusion criteria for the review by two reviewers.ResultsWe identified 51 studies reporting 336 newborns screened for COVID-19. From the 336 newborns screened for COVID-19, only 15 (4.4%) were positive for throat swab RT-PCR. All neonates with positive throat swab RT-PCR were delivered by cesarean section. Among neonates with throat swab SARS-CoV-2 positive only five (33.3%) had concomitant placenta, amniotic fluid, and cord blood samples tested, of which only one amniotic fluid sample is positive for RT PCR. Five neonates had elevated IgG and IgM but without intrauterine tissue tested. Four neonates had chest imaging suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia.ConclusionCurrently there is not enough evidence on vertical virologic transmission of COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, there is no evidence to support cesarean delivery, abstaining from breast feeding nor mother and infant separation. Further research involving an adequate sample size of breast milk, placenta, amniotic fluid, and cord blood to ascertain the possibility of vertical transmission and breast milk transfer is needed.

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Impact of Prior Infection on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission in Syrian Hamsters.

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