A practical approach to bladder preservation with hypofractionated radiotherapy for localised muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Portner R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8385113 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Among a growing body of literature in global oncology, several articles project increased cost savings and radiotherapy access by adopting hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like those in Africa. Clinical trials in Europe and the USA have demonstrated HFRT to be non-inferior to conventional radiotherapy for eligible patients with several cancers, including prostate cancer. This could be a highly recommended option to battle a severely large and growing cancer burden in resource-limited regions. However, a level of implementation research may be needed in limited resource-settings like in Africa. In this article, we present a list of evidence-based recommendations to practice HFRT on eligible prostate cancer patients. As literature on HFRT is still developing, these guidelines were compiled from review of several clinical trials and professionally accredited material with minimal resource requirements in mind. HFRT guidelines presented here include patient eligibility, prescription dose schedules, treatment planning and delivery techniques, and quality assurance procedures. The article provides recommendations for both moderately hypofractionated (2.4-3.4Gy per fraction) and ultrahypofractionated (5Gy or more per fraction) radiation therapy when administered by 3D-Conformal Radiotherapy, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, or Image-Guided Radiotherapy. In each case radiation oncology health professionals must make the ultimate judgment to ensure safety as more LMIC centers adopt HFRT to combat the growing scourge of cancer.
| S-EPMC8673781 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymph-node dissection, associated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, remains the standard of care for advanced, non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Loco-regional control is a key factor in the outcome of patients since it is related to overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cause-specific survival. The risk of loco-regional recurrence (LRR) is correlated to pathological factors as well as the extent of the lymphadenectomy. In addition, neither pre- nor post-operative chemotherapy have shown a clear impact on LRR-free survival. Several recent publications have led to the development of a nomogram predicting the risk of LRR, in order to identify patients most likely to benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. Given the high risk of LRR for selected patients and improvements in radiation techniques that can reduce toxicity, there is a growing interest in adjuvant radiotherapy; international cooperative groups have come together to provide the rationale in favor of adjuvant radiotherapy. Clinical trials in order to reduce the risk of pelvic relapse are opened based on this optimizing patient selection. The aim of this critical literature review is to provide an overview of the rationale supporting the studies of adjuvant radiation for patients with pathologic high-risk MIBC.
| S-EPMC5071208 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: Bladder cancer (BCa) is generally considered one of the most prevalent deadly diseases worldwide. Patients suffering from muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) possess dismal prognoses, while those with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) generally have a favorable outcome after local treatment. However, some NMIBCs relapse and progress to MIBC, with an unclarified mechanism. Hence, insight into the genetic drivers of BCa progression has tremendous potential benefits for precision therapeutics, risk stratification, and molecular diagnosis. Methods: In this study, three cohorts profile datasets (GSE13507, GSE32584, and GSE89) consisting of NMIBC and MIBC samples were integrated to address the differently expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and pathway enrichment analysis of DGEs were performed. Results: Six collagen members (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2, COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) were up-regulated and gathered in the ECM-receptor interaction signal pathway identified by KEGG pathway analysis and GSEA. Evidence derived from the Oncomine and TCGA databases indicated that the 6 collagen genes promote the progression of BCa and are negatively associated with patient prognosis. Moreover, taking COL1A1 as a further research object, the results showed that COL1A1 was up-regulated in MIBC and its knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of 5637 and T24 cells by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and the TGF-β signaling pathway. Conclusion: With integrated bioinformatic analysis and cell experiments, we showed that 6 collagen family members are high progression risk factors and that they can be used as independent effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BCa.
| S-EPMC6511250 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose/objectiveDefinitive radiotherapy (RT) is an alternative to radical cystectomy for select patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC); however, there is limited data on dose-painted RT approaches. We report the clinical and dosimetric outcomes of a cohort of MIBC patients treated with dose-painted RT.Material/methodsThis was a single institution retrospective study of cT2-4N0M0 MIBC patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to the bladder, and sequential or concomitant boost to the tumor bed. The target delineation was guided by either intravesical injection of Lipiodol or through fusion of the pre-treatment imaging. The majority were treated with daily image-guidance. Kaplan-Meier was used to characterize overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Cumulative incidence function (CIF) was used to estimate local (intravesical) recurrence (LR), regional recurrence (RR) and distant metastasis (DM). Univariable and multivariable cause-specific hazard model was used to assess factors associated with LR and OS.Results117 patients were analyzed. The median age was 73 years (range 43, 95). The median EQD2 to the boost volume was 66 Gy (range 52.1, 70). Lipiodol injection was used in 64 patients (55%), all treated with IMRT/VMAT. 95 (81%) received concurrent chemotherapy, of whom, 44 (38%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 37 months (IQR 16.2, 83.3). At 5-year, OS and PFS were 79% (95% CI 70.5-89.2) and 46% (95% CI 36.5-57.5). Forty-five patients had bladder relapse, of which 30 patients (67%) were at site of the tumor bed. Nine patients underwent salvage-cystectomy. Late high-grade (G3-G4) genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity were 3% and 1%.ConclusionPartial boost RT in MIBC is associated with good local disease control and high rates of cystectomy free survival. We observed a pattern of predominantly LR in the tumor bed, supporting the use of a dose-painted approach/de-escalation strategy to the uninvolved bladder. Prospective trials are required to compare oncological and toxicity outcomes between dose-painted and homogeneous bladder RT techniques.
| S-EPMC10512471 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Radical radiotherapy and surgery achieve similar cure rates in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but the choice of which treatment would be most beneficial cannot currently be predicted for individual patients. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether expression of any of a panel of DNA damage signaling proteins in tumor samples taken before irradiation could be used as a predictive marker of radiotherapy response, or rather was prognostic. Protein expression of MRE11, RAD50, NBS1, ATM, and H2AX was studied by immunohistochemistry in pretreatment tumor specimens from two cohorts of bladder cancer patients (validation cohort prospectively acquired) treated with radical radiotherapy and one cohort of cystectomy patients. In the radiotherapy test cohort (n = 86), low tumor MRE11 expression was associated with worse cancer-specific survival compared with high expression [43.1% versus 68.7% 3-year cause-specific survival (CSS), P = 0.012] by Kaplan-Meier analysis. This was confirmed in the radiotherapy validation cohort (n = 93; 43.0% versus 71.2%, P = 0.020). However, in the cystectomy cohort (n = 88), MRE11 expression was not associated with cancer-specific survival, commensurate with MRE11 being a predictive marker. High MRE11 expression in the combined radiotherapy cohort had a significantly better cancer-specific survival compared with the high-expression cystectomy cohort (69.9% versus 53.8% 3-year CSS, P = 0.021). In this validated immunohistochemistry study, MRE11 protein expression was shown and confirmed as a predictive factor associated with survival following bladder cancer radiotherapy, justifying its inclusion in subsequent trial designs. MRE11 expression may ultimately allow patient selection for radiotherapy or cystectomy, thus improving overall cure rates.
| S-EPMC2941719 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNeo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection is considered to be the treatment of choice for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Despite this aggressive treatment the outcome is poor and ultimately, 30% of the patients with ≥pT3 tumors develop a pelvic recurrence. We hypothesize that postoperative adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) might prevent local and lymph node recurrence and improve disease free- and overall survival as loco-regional recurrence is linked to the development of distant metastasis.MethodsWe plan to perform a multicentric prospective phase two study including 76 patients. Eligible patients are patients with MIBC, treated with radical cystectomy and presenting with ≥1 of the following characteristics: Pathological (p)T3 stage + presence of lymphovascular invasion on pathological examination pT4 stage <10 lymph nodes removed positive lymph nodes positive surgical margins Patients will have a 18F-FDG PET-CT to rule out the presence of distant metastasis prior to EBRT. A median dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions is prescribed to the pelvic lymph node regions with inclusion of the operative bladder bed in case of a positive surgical margin. Patients with suspected lymph nodes on PET- CT can still be included in the trial, but a simultaneous integrated boost to 74Gy to the positive lymph nodes will be delivered. Blood and urine samples will be collected on day-1 and last day of EBRT for evaluation of biomarkers. The primary endpoint is evaluation of acute ≥Grade 3 intestinal or grade 4 urinary toxicity, in case of a neo-bladder reconstruction, within 12 weeks after EBRT. Secondary endpoints are: assessment of QOL, late RTOG toxicity, local control, disease free survival and overall survival. Biomarkers in urine and blood will be correlated with secondary survival endpoints.DiscussionThis is a prospective phase 2 trial re-assessing the feasibility of adjuvant radiotherapy in high-risk MIBC.Trial registrationThe Ethics committee of the Ghent University Hospital (EC2014/0630) approved this study on 31/07/2014. Trial registration on Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02397434 ) on November 19, 2014.
| S-EPMC5414216 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEIF5A2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2, is associated with several human cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of EIF5A2 in the metastatic potential of localised invasive bladder cancer (BC) and its underlying molecular mechanisms were explored.MethodsThe expression pattern of EIF5A2 in localised invasive BC was determined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the function of EIF5A2 in BC and its underlying mechanisms were elucidated with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays.ResultsOverexpression of EIF5A2 was an independent predictor for poor metastasis-free survival of localised invasive BC patients treated with radical cystectomy. Knockdown of EIF5A2 inhibited BC cell migratory and invasive capacities in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas overexpression of EIF5A2 promoted BC cells motility and invasiveness in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo and induced EMT. In addition, we found that EIF5A2 might activate TGF-β1 expression to induce EMT and drive aggressiveness in BC cells. EIF5A2 stabilized STAT3 and stimulated nuclear localisation of STAT3, which resulted in increasing enrichment of STAT3 onto TGF-β1 promoter to enhance the transcription of TGF-β1.ConclusionsEIF5A2 overexpression predicts tumour metastatic potential in patients with localised invasive BC treated with radical cystectomy. Furthermore, EIF5A2 elevated TGF-β1 expression through STAT3 to induce EMT and promotes aggressiveness in BC.
| S-EPMC3974079 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The current standard treatment for muscle-invasive nonmetastatic bladder cancer is neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not widely accepted even with level 1 evidence. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be discussed if patients have not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and have high-risk pathologic features. Although not considered standard of care, bladder-sparing therapy can be considered for highly selected patients and for those medically unfit for surgery. Even though there are no level 1 data, the treatment outcomes for highly select patients given bladder-sparing therapy appear promising, with many patients retaining a functional bladder. Personalized chemotherapy is currently being actively pursued to target the underlying molecular changes and tailor to individual needs.
| S-EPMC3494992 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Radical cystectomy is the standard of care treatment for patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, patients with MIBC experience high rates of relapse despite primary therapy, and perioperative strategy is an important treatment option. Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved prognosis, and adjuvant chemotherapy is also an important option for selected patients. However, perioperative chemotherapy is not effective in some patients. Moreover, the currently recommended perioperative treatment is cisplatin-based chemotherapy; approximately 50% of the patients are ineligilble for cisplatin treatment owing to various reasons such as medical comorbidities, poor performance status, and renal insufficiency. The recent success of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) suggests that ICIs is the new standard therapy for patients with metastatic bladder cancer. Furthermore, ICIs showed more favorable toxicity profiles than conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. These results indicate that ICIs may play a role in the treatment of muscle-invasive disease, and many recent studies have been conducted in a perioperative setting. The present review aims to summarize and discuss the current perioperative strategy of immunotherapy focused on ICIs based on recent ongoing clinical trials.
| S-EPMC7807333 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Muscle invasive bladder carcinoma is a complex, multifactorial disease caused by disruptions and alterations of several molecular pathways that result in heterogeneous phenotypes and variable disease outcome. Combining this disparate knowledge may offer insights for deciphering relevant molecular processes regarding targeted therapeutic approaches guided by molecular signatures allowing improved phenotype profiling. The aim of the study is to characterize muscle invasive bladder carcinoma on a molecular level by incorporating scientific literature screening and signatures from omics profiling. Public domain omics signatures together with molecular features associated with muscle invasive bladder cancer were derived from literature mining to provide 286 unique protein-coding genes. These were integrated in a protein-interaction network to obtain a molecular functional map of the phenotype. This feature map educated on three novel disease-associated pathways with plausible involvement in bladder cancer, namely Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Neurotrophin signalling pathway and Endocytosis. Systematic integration approaches allow to study the molecular context of individual features reported as associated with a clinical phenotype and could potentially help to improve the molecular mechanistic description of the disorder.
| S-EPMC4287622 | biostudies-literature