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SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Dialysis Patients With COVID-19.

ABSTRACT:

SUBMITTER: Qirjazi E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8393503 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances MAP4K3/GLK-induced ACE2 stability in COVID-19

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Project description:Bat sarbecovirus BANAL-236 is highly related to SARS-CoV-2 and infects human cells, albeit lacking the furin cleavage site in its spike protein. BANAL-236 replicates efficiently and pauci-symptomatically in humanized mice and in macaques, where its tropism is enteric, strongly differing from that of SARS-CoV-2. BANAL-236 infection leads to protection against superinfection by a virulent strain. We find no evidence of antibodies recognizing bat sarbecoviruses in populations in close contact with bats in which the virus was identified, indicating that such spillover infections, if they occur, are rare. Six passages in humanized mice or in human intestinal cells, mimicking putative early spillover events, select adaptive mutations without appearance of a furin cleavage site and no change in virulence. Therefore, acquisition of a furin site in the spike protein is likely a pre-spillover event that did not occur upon replication of a SARS-CoV-2-like bat virus in humans or other animals. Other hypotheses regarding the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 should therefore be evaluated, including the presence of sarbecoviruses carrying a spike with a furin cleavage site in bats.

| S-SCDT-10_15252-EMBR_202256055 | biostudies-other

Prolonged Live SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in a Maintenance Dialysis Patient.

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Comparative Evaluation of the Thermo Fisher TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit with the Cepheid Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Assay for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Specimens

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Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 by hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to serum antibody responses.

Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic. The understanding of the transmission and the duration of viral shedding in SARS-CoV-2 infection is still limited.ObjectivesTo assess the timeframe and potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to antibody response.MethodWe performed a cross-sectional study of 36 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Karolinska University Hospital. Patients with more than 8 days of symptom duration were sampled from airways, for PCR analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and in vitro culture of replicating virus. Serum SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies titers were assessed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and microneutralization assay.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in airway samples in 23 patients (symptom duration median 15 days, range 9-53 days), whereas 13 patients were SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative (symptom duration median 21 days, range 10-37 days). Replicating virus was detected in samples from 4 patients at 9-16 days. All but two patients had detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG in serum, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were detected in 33 out of 36 patients. Total SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titers and neutralizing antibody titers were positively correlated. High levels of both total IgG and neutralizing antibody titers were observed in patients sampled later after symptom onset and in patients where replicating virus could not be detected.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the presence of SARS-Cov-2 specific antibodies in serum may indicate a lower risk of shedding infectious SARS-CoV-2 by hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

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COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction reveals SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and persistence in the olfactory system

Project description:Describe the transcriptomic profile of Golden Hamster olfactory bulb in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, separating by sexes.

2021-06-19 | E-MTAB-10442 | biostudies-arrayexpress

SARS-CoV-2 produces a microRNA, CoV2-miR-O8, in patients with COVID-19 infection

Project description:SARS-CoV-2 can generate viral microRNAs (v-miRNAs) that target host gene expression. This study used small RNAseq to identify the v-miRNAs present in COVID-19 patients' nasopharyngeal swabs. The study identified a specific conserved v-miRNA sequence (CoV2-miR-O8) unique to SARS-CoV-2 that is highly present in COVID-19 patients' samples, interacts with Argonaute, and has features consistent with Dicer and Drosha generation. CoV2-miR-O8 is predicted to target specific human genes and can be detected by RTPCR assays in patients.

2023-12-11 | GSE230080 | GEO

Prolonged viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and related factors in symptomatic COVID-19 patients: a prospective study.

Project description:BackgroundThe temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and antibody production and clinical progression remained obscure. The aim of this study was to describe the viral kinetics of symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify factors that might contribute to prolonged viral shedding.MethodsSymptomatic COVID-19 patients were enrolled in two hospitals in Wuhan, China, from whom the respiratory samples were collected and measured for viral loads consecutively by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. The viral shedding pattern was delineated in relate to the epidemiologic and clinical information.ResultsTotally 2726 respiratory samples collected from 703 patients were quantified. The SARS-CoV-2 viral loads were at the highest level during the initial stage after symptom onset, which subsequently declined with time. The median time to SARS-CoV-2 negativity of nasopharyngeal test was 28 days, significantly longer in patients with older age (> 60 years old), female gender and those having longer interval from symptom onset to hospital admission (> 10 days). The multivariate Cox regression model revealed significant effect from older age (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.96), female gender (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.96) and longer interval from symptom onset to admission (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.33-0.59) on longer time to SARS-CoV-2 negativity. The IgM antibody titer was significantly higher in the low viral loads group at 41-60 days after symptom onset. At the population level, the average viral loads were higher in early than in late outbreak periods.ConclusionsThe prolonged viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 was observed in COVID-19 patients, particularly in older, female and those with longer interval from symptom onset to admission.

| S-EPMC8711078 | biostudies-literature

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