Dataset Information

Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes.

ABSTRACT: The heavy blooming of apple trees results in the inefficient usage of energy and nutritional material, and additional expenditure on fruitlet thinning is required to maintain fruit quality. A possible solution for controlling the fruit load on trees is the development of new cultivars that self-eliminate excess fruitlets, thus controlling yield. The aim of our study was to identify biological differences in apple cultivars in terms of blooming intensity and fruitlet load self-regulation. In total, 19 apple cultivars were studied in the years 2015-2017. The dynamics of fruitlet self-elimination, seed development in fruitlets and fruits, photosynthetic parameters, carbohydrates, and plant hormones were evaluated. We established that apple cultivars self-eliminating a small number of fruitlets need a lower number of well-developed seeds in fruit, and their number of leaves and area per fruit on a bearing branch are larger, compared to cultivars, self-eliminating large numbers of fruitlets. A higher carbohydrate amount in the leaves may be related to smaller fruitlet self-elimination. The amount of auxin and a high indole-3-acetic acid/zeatin ratio between leaves of cultivar groups with heavy blooming were higher than in cultivars with moderate blooming. A lower amount of abscisic acid was found in heavy-blooming cultivars during drought stress. All these parameters may be used as markers for the selection of different apple genotypes that self-eliminate fruitlets.

SUBMITTER: Starkus A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8398410 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes.

Starkus Aurelijus A Frercks Birute B Gelvonauskiene Dalia D Mazeikiene Ingrida I Rugienius Rytis R Bendokas Vidmantas V Stanys Vidmantas V

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20210805 8

The heavy blooming of apple trees results in the inefficient usage of energy and nutritional material, and additional expenditure on fruitlet thinning is required to maintain fruit quality. A possible solution for controlling the fruit load on trees is the development of new cultivars that self-eliminate excess fruitlets, thus controlling yield. The aim of our study was to identify biological differences in apple cultivars in terms of blooming intensity and fruitlet load self-regulation. In tota ...[more]

PMID: 34451657

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Project description:High temperatures and extreme drought are increasingly more frequent in Portugal, which represents a strong threat to viticulture in certain regions of the country. These multifactorial abiotic stresses are threatening viticultural areas worldwide, and the problem can hardly be overcome only by changing cultural practices. This scenario has raised a major challenge for plant scientists to find ways to adapt existing varieties to the new conditions without loss of their characteristic flavors, yield, and associated varietal character of wines. Aragonez (syn. Tempranillo) is one such variety, widely cultivated in Portugal and Spain, with specific characteristics associated with terroir. In this context, insight into intravarietal variability to enable its exploitation for selection becomes an important tool to mitigate the effect of multifactorial stresses driven by climate changes. The present work describes an innovative selection approach: selection for abiotic stress tolerance, measured by the leaf temperature of clones under environmental conditions of drought and extreme heat. This evaluation was complemented with values of yield and quality characteristics of the must (pH, acidity, °Brix, and anthocyanins). The application of this methodology was done in an experimental population of 255 clones of Tempranillo for 3 years. The genotypes were then ranked according to their level of tolerance to abiotic stress without loss of yield/quality. To understand the differences at the transcription level that could account for such variability, several of the most tolerant and most sensitive genotypes were analyzed for key genes using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results enabled the selection of a group of genotypes with increased tolerance to stress, in relation to the average of the variety, which maintained the typical must quality of Aragonez. In parallel, several transcripts previously acknowledged as markers for abiotic stress tolerance were identified in several clones and are possible targets for plant breeding and genetic modification and/or to develop screening procedures to select genotypes better adapted to the abiotic stress driven by climate change.

Dataset Information

Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes.

Publications

Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes.

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