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Enhanced Performance of Chitosan via a Novel Quaternary Magnetic Nanocomposite Chitosan/Grafted Halloysitenanotubes@ZnγFe₃O₄ for Uptake of Cr (III), Fe (III), and Mn (II) from Wastewater.

ABSTRACT: A novel chitosan/grafted halloysitenanotubes@Znγmagnetite quaternary nanocomposite (Ch/g-HNTs@ZnγM) was fabricated using the chemical co-precipitation method to remove the ions of Cr (III), Fe (III), and Mn (II) from wastewater. The characteristics of the synthesized Ch/g-HNTs@ZnγM quaternary nanocomposite were investigated using FTIR, SEM, XRD, GPC, TGA, TEM, and surface zeta potential. The characterization analysis proved that the mentioned nanocomposite structure contains multiple functional groups with variable efficiencies. Additionally, they proved the existence of magnetic iron in the nanocomposite internal structure with the clarity of presentation of gaps and holes of high electron density on its surface. The results showed that the pH and time to reach an equilibrium system for all the studied metal ions were obtained at 9.0 and 60 min, respectively. The synthesized Ch/g-HNTs@ZnγM nanocomposite exhibited maximum adsorption removal of 95.2%, 99.06%, and 87.1% for Cr (III), Fe (III), and Mn (II) ions, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and, for isotherm, the Langmuir model were best fitted with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicated the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption reaction as proven by the ΔH° and ΔG° values. Additionally, chemical adsorption by the coordination bond is supposed as the main mechanism of adsorption of the mentioned metal ions on the nanocomposite. Finally, Ch/g-HNTs@ZnγM displays prospected advantages, such as a low-expense adsorbent, high efficiency and availability, and an eco-friendly source, that will reduce the environmental load via an environmentally friendly method.

SUBMITTER: Mubarak MF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8398450 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Heavy metal ions in water refer to significant risks to the biological system due to their high toxicity. Therefore, the decontamination of water polluted by heavy metal ions attracts significant interest of researchers. Adsorption by nanomaterials has been a widely used technique for removing heavy metal ions from water. Chitosan was extracted from shrimp shellfish and mixed with laboratory-prepared AgNPs/GO in the ratio of 3 : 1. A series of tests evaluates the best condition of pH, amount of adsorbent, retention time, stirring speed, temp, and initial concentration. The research was conducted under various conditions. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were also tested. Also, the column adsorption experiment was carried out on industrial wastewater at different flow rates and column bed heights. The optimal values of the contact time, pH, and adsorbent dose of Cr(vi) were found to be 80 min, 4, and 0.1 g 100 mL-1, respectively, at room temperature (30 °C), agitation at 150 rpm, and initial concentration of 50 ppm. On the other hand, the optimal value of contact time, pH, and adsorbent dose of Fe(iii) were found to be 30 min, 6, and 0.02 g 100 mL-1, respectively, at room temp (30 °C) with a stirring speed of 250 rpm and an initial concentration of 40 ppm. For Cr(vi) and Fe(iii), equilibrium studies show that the data fit the Freundlich isotherm well (correlation coefficient, R 2 = 0.98) (III). A link between the pseudo-second order active model and data fitting the pseudo-first order active models were made. Within the intraparticle diffusion model, there are four stages that the mechanism must go through before it is at equilibrium. The adsorbent was tested in an industrial adsorbent column. This test proves that the nanocomposite's adsorption capacity can be restored by washing it with 0.1 M HCl, as shown by the periodicity test. After four cycles, the amount of Cr(vi) adsorbed on AgNPs/GO/chitosan was just 20%, which is insufficient for further adsorption experiments. Cr(vi) removal rates (%R) decreased slightly.

Project description:Water contaminated with heavy metal ions is extremely poisonous and threatens living organisms. Therefore, scientists place a premium on removing heavy metal ions from water that has already been contaminated. Removing metal ions from water typically involves the use of nanomaterials. Chitosan was made by extracting it from shrimp shells and combining it with a 3 : 1 ratio of synthetically produced AgNPs/GO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate an AgNPs/GO/chitosan nanocomposite (XRD). A number of studies must be run to determine the optimal pH, adsorbent quantity, retention period, stirring speed, temperature, and initial concentration. The studies were conducted in a variety of ways. The isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich were utilized. The industrial wastewater was used in the column adsorption experiment, and the flow rates and column bed heights were varied. An optimum contact time, pH, and adsorbent dosage for Mn(ii) were determined. At 30 minutes, pH 6, and 0.05 grams of Mn(ii) adsorbent per 100 ml, with agitation at 250 rpm, room temperature of 30 °C, and an initial concentration of 40 ppm, the best conditions were discovered. A positive correlation coefficient finding (R 2 = 0.925) indicates a good fit for Mn, according to equilibrium studies (II). The pseudo-second-order active model was connected to data that suited the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models. In the intra-particle diffusion model, the mechanism must proceed through four phases before equilibrium is reached. In an industrial adsorbent column, the adsorbent was put to the test. The periodicity test demonstrates that the nanocomposite's adsorption capability can be recovered by washing it with 0.1 M HCl. Mn(ii) adsorbed on AgNPs/GO/Chitosan after four cycles was only 20%, insufficient for additional adsorption tests. The repeated cycles that led to the partial loss of the adsorbate may have reduced the adsorbent material's efficacy.

Project description:In this study, four new Mn(II), Fe(III), and Cr(III) complexes with two Schiff base ligands namely, 4-bromo-2-[(E)-{[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]imino}methyl]phenol (HL1) and 2-[(E)-{[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]imino}methyl]-4-methoxy phenol (HL2) have been synthesized and characterized. Different analytical and spectral methods have been used to characterize the ligands and their complexes. General formulas of [M(L)Cl2(H2O)2] for FeL1, CrL1 and CrL2, and [M(L)Cl(H2O)3] for MnL2 were proposed. HOMO and LUMO energies, as well as the electrical characteristics, have been calculated using DFT/B3LYP calculations with Gaussian 09 program. The optimized lowest energy configurations of the complexes are proven. The disc diffusion technique was used to test the pharmacological activities' antibacterial efficacy against diverse bacterial and fungus species. The MTT technique was used to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of the ligands and their metal complexes on the Hep-G2 human liver carcinoma cell line and the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. All compounds displayed better activity compared to the free ligands. MnL2 complex showed predominant activity when compared to the other complexes with an IC50 value of 2.6 ± 0.11 μg/ml against Hep-G2, and against MCF-7 the IC50 value was 3.0 ± 0.2 μg/ml which is less than the standard drug cisplatin (4.0 μg/ml). UV-vis electronic spectrum and gel electrophoresis techniques have been used to investigate the compounds' affinity to bind and cleavage CT-DNA. The interaction's binding constants, or Kb, have been identified, and it was discovered that the new complexes' binding affinities are in the order of FeL1 > MnL2 > CrL2 > CrL1, and the binding mechanism has been suggested. To assess the kind of binding and binding affinity of the investigated drugs with human DNA, a molecular docking study was carried out (PDB:1bna). The acquired results supported the intercalation binding mechanism proposed in the experimental part and revealed that complexes may be inserted into the DNA molecule to stop DNA replication. According to ADMET data, the synthesized compounds have a high bioavailability profile and their physicochemical and pharmacological features remained within Lipinski's RO5 predicted limitations.

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Enhanced Performance of Chitosan via a Novel Quaternary Magnetic Nanocomposite Chitosan/Grafted Halloysitenanotubes@ZnγFe₃O₄ for Uptake of Cr (III), Fe (III), and Mn (II) from Wastewater.

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Enhanced Performance of Chitosan via a Novel Quaternary Magnetic Nanocomposite Chitosan/Grafted Halloysitenanotubes@ZnγFe3O4 for Uptake of Cr (III), Fe (III), and Mn (II) from Wastewater.

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