Differential Effects of Western and Mediterranean-Type Diets on Gut Microbiota: A Metagenomics and Metabolomics Approach.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Barber C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8400818 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThere is no direct evidence of gut microbiota disturbance in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to provide direct evidence and a comprehensive understanding of gut microbiota disturbance in children with GERD through combined metagenomic and metabolomic analysis.Methods30 children with GERD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were continuously enrolled, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were collected. First, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to evaluate differences in the gut microbiota between children with GERD and HC group, and 10 children with GERD and 10 children in the HC group were selected for metagenomic analysis. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and metagenomic and metabolomic data were analyzed together.ResultsThere were significant differences in the gut microbiota diversity and composition between children with GERD and HCs. The dominant bacteria in children with GERD were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. At the species level, the top three core bacterial groups were Bacteroides stercoris, Bacteroides vulgatus and Alistipes putredinis. The main differential pathways were identified to be related to energy, amino acid, vitamin, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. LC/MS detected 288 different metabolites in the positive and negative ion modes between children with GERD and HCs, which were mainly involved in arachidonic acid (AA), tyrosine, glutathione and caffeine metabolism.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence of the pathogenesis of GERD. There are significant differences in the gut microbiota, metabolites and metabolic pathways between HCs and children with GERD, and the differences in metabolites are related to specific changes in bacterial abundance. In the future, GERD may be treated by targeting specific bacteria related to AA metabolism.
| S-EPMC10613033 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study is conducted to identify the microbial architecture and its functional capacity in the Asian population via the whole metagenomics approach. A brief comparison of the Asian countries namely Malaysia, India, China, and Thailand, was conducted, giving a total of 916 taxa under observation. Results show a close representation of the taxonomic diversity in the gut microbiota of Malaysia, India, and China, where Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were more predominant compared to other phyla. Mainly due to the multi-racial population in Malaysia, which also consists of Malays, Indian, and Chinese, the population tend to share similar dietary preferences, culture, and lifestyle, which are major influences that shapes the structure of the gut microbiota. Moreover, Thailand showed a more distinct diversity in the gut microbiota which was highly dominated by Firmicutes. Meanwhile, functional profiles show 1034 gene families that are common between the four countries. The Malaysia samples are having the most unique gene families with a total of 67,517 gene families, and 51 unique KEGG Orthologs, mainly dominated by the metabolic pathways, followed by microbial metabolism in diverse environments. In conclusion, this study provides some general overview on the structure of the Asian gut microbiota, with some additional highlights on the Malaysian population.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03671-3.
| S-EPMC10338424 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common form of diabetes, is a progressive chronic metabolic disease that has increasingly spread worldwide, enhancing the mortality rate, particularly from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Lifestyle improvement through diet and physical activity is, together with drug treatment, the cornerstone of T2DM management. The Mediterranean diet (MD), which favors a prevalence of unprocessed vegetable foods and a reduction in red meats and industrial foods, without excluding any food category, is usually recommended. Recently, scientific societies have promoted a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), a multiphasic protocol that limits carbohydrates and then gradually re-introduces them, with a favorable outcome on body weight and metabolic parameters. Indeed, gut microbiota (GM) modifications have been linked to overweight/obesity and metabolic alterations typical of T2DM. Diet is known to affect GM largely, but only a few studies have investigated the effects of VLCKD on GM, especially in T2DM. In this study, we have compared anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle parameters, the quality of life, and the GM of eleven patients with recently diagnosed T2DM and overweight or obesity, randomly assigned to two groups of six and five patients who followed the VLCKD (KETO) or hypocaloric MD (MEDI) respectively; parameters were recorded at baseline (T0) and after two (T2) and three months (T3). The results showed that VLCKD had more significant beneficial effects than MD on anthropometric parameters, while biochemical improvements did not statistically differ. As for the GM, despite the lack of significant results regarding the alpha and beta diversity, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio between the two groups, in the KETO group, a significant increase in beneficial microbial taxa such as Verrucomicrobiota phylum with its members Verrucomicrobiae, Verrucomicrobiales, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae family, Eubacterium spp., and a reduction in microbial taxa previously associated with obesity (Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota) or other diseases (Alistipes) was observed both at T2 and T3. With regards to the MEDI group, variations were limited to a significant increase in Actinobacteroidota phylum at T2 and T3 and Firmicutes phylum at T3. Moreover, a metagenomic alteration linked to some metabolic pathways was found exclusively in the KETO group. In conclusion, both dietary approaches allowed patients to improve their state of health, but VLCKD has shown better results on body composition as well as on GM profile.
| S-EPMC9693465 | biostudies-literature
Project description:HFD (high-fat diet) induces obesity and metabolic disorders, which is associated with the alteration in gut microbiota profiles. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the processes are poorly understood. In this study, we used the simple model organism honey bee to explore how different amounts and types of dietary fats affect the host metabolism and the gut microbiota. Excess dietary fat, especially palm oil, elicited higher weight gain, lower survival rates, hyperglycemic, and fat accumulation in honey bees. However, microbiota-free honey bees reared on high-fat diets did not significantly change their phenotypes. Different fatty acid compositions in palm and soybean oil altered the lipid profiles of the honey bee body. Remarkably, dietary fats regulated lipid metabolism and immune-related gene expression at the transcriptional level. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that biological processes, including transcription factors, insulin secretion, and Toll and Imd signaling pathways, were significantly different in the gut of bees on different dietary fats. Moreover, a high-fat diet increased the relative abundance of Gilliamella, while the level of Bartonella was significantly decreased in palm oil groups. This study establishes a novel honey bee model of studying the crosstalk between dietary fat, gut microbiota, and host metabolism.
| S-EPMC7830725 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) beyond a certain threshold leads to poor growth performance in pigs; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Following an adaption period, thirty-seven weaned pigs were weight matched (8.41 ± 0.14 kg), housed individually and randomly assigned into three groups with different dietary CP levels: 24% CP (CON; n = 12), 18% CP (n = 12) and 12% CP (n = 13) for 28 days. The body weight was not different between the CON and 18% CP diets, but 12% CP significantly decreased body weight after day 21. Compared to the CON, pigs fed with 12% CP decreased feed intake day 17 onwards. The 12% CP diet increased the energy expenditure during week 1 compared to the CON. The 12% CP influenced starch and sucrose, nitrogen, and branched-chain amino acids metabolism pathways. The feces of pigs fed with 12% CP were less enriched in Prevotella, but had higher relative abundance of Christensenedilaceae, Aligiphilus and Algoriphagus than CON and 18% CP. Overall, reducing dietary CP by 50%, but not by 25%, significantly influenced the physiological responses in nursery pigs. The pigs fed with low or standard protein diets had differential bacterial communities in their feces as well as serum metabolomics profile.
| S-EPMC7040010 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo explore how bariatric surgery (BS) modified the obesity-associated gut microbiome, the host metabolome, and their interactions in obese Korean patients.Materials and methodsStool and fasting blood samples were obtained before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after BS from 52 patients enrolled in the Korean Obesity Surgical Treatment Study. We analysed the gut microbiome by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the serum metabolome, including bile acids, by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.ResultsStool metagenomics showed that 27 microbiota were enriched and 14 microbiota were reduced after BS, whereas the abundances and diversity of observed features were increased. The levels of branched-chain amino acids and metabolites of energy metabolism in serum were decreased after surgery, whereas the levels of metabolites related to microbial metabolism, including dimethyl sulphone, glycine, and secondary bile acids, were increased in the serum samples. In addition, we found notable mutual associations among metabolites and gut microbiome changes attributed to BS.ConclusionsChanges in the gut microbiome community and systemic levels of amino acids and sugars were directly derived from anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract after BS. We hypothesized that the observed increases in microbiome-related serum metabolites were a result of complex and indirect changes derived from BS. Ethnic-specific environmental or genetic factors could affect Korean-specific postmetabolic modification in obese patients who undergo BS.
| S-EPMC9313881 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to investigate the effects of a hypocaloric balanced diet (HBD) on anthropometric measures and gut microbiota of 43 people with obesity. Fecal samples were collected from the study subjects at weeks 0 and 12, and a detailed analysis of gut microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. By comparing anthropometric measures and microbiota changes in subjects before and after the HBD intervention, we revealed the potential effects of HBD on weight loss and gut microbiota. Our results indicated that the HBD resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI), and most of the physiological indicators were decreased to a greater degree in the effective HBD group (EHBD, weight loss ≥ 5%) than in the ineffective HBD group (IHBD, weight loss < 5%). The HBD intervention also modified the gut microbiota of the subjects with obesity. Specifically, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Terrisporobacter, Ruminococcus (R. torques, R. gnavus), and Pseudomonas were significantly reduced. In addition, we employed machine learning models, such as XGBRF and GB models, to rank the importance of various features and identified the top 10 key bacterial genera involved. Gut microbiota co-occurrence networks showed the dominance of healthier microbiota following successful weight loss. These results suggested that the HBD intervention enhanced weight loss, which may be related to diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota.
| S-EPMC10383620 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Diet modulates the gut microbiome, which in turn can impact the immune system. Here, we determined how two microbiota-targeted dietary interventions, plant-based fiber and fermented foods, influence the human microbiome and immune system in healthy adults. Using a 17-week randomized, prospective study (n = 18/arm) combined with -omics measurements of microbiome and host, including extensive immune profiling, we found diet-specific effects. The high-fiber diet increased microbiome-encoded glycan-degrading carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) despite stable microbial community diversity. Although cytokine response score (primary outcome) was unchanged, three distinct immunological trajectories in high-fiber consumers corresponded to baseline microbiota diversity. Alternatively, the high-fermented-food diet steadily increased microbiota diversity and decreased inflammatory markers. The data highlight how coupling dietary interventions to deep and longitudinal immune and microbiome profiling can provide individualized and population-wide insight. Fermented foods may be valuable in countering the decreased microbiome diversity and increased inflammation pervasive in industrialized society.
| S-EPMC9020749 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEvidence from longitudinal patient studies regarding gut microbial changes after bariatric surgery is limited.ObjectiveTo examine intraindividual changes in fecal microbiome and metabolites among patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or vertical sleeve gastrectomy.SettingObservational study.MethodsTwenty patients were enrolled and provided stool samples before and 1 week, 1 month, and/or 3 months after surgery. Shallow shotgun metagenomics and untargeted fecal metabolomics were performed. Zero-inflated generalized additive models and linear mixed models were applied to identify fecal microbiome and metabolites changes, with adjustment for potential confounders and correction for multiple testing.ResultsWe enrolled 16 women and 4 men, including 16 white and 4 black participants (median age = 45 years; presurgery body mass index = 47.7 kg/m2). Ten patients had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 10 had vertical sleeve gastrectomy, and 14 patients provided postsurgery stool samples. Of 47 samples, median sequencing depth was 6.3 million reads and 1073 metabolites were identified. Microbiome alpha-diversity increased after surgery, especially at 3 months. Significant genus-level changes included increases in Odoribacter, Streptococcus, Anaerotruncus, Alistipes, Klebsiella, and Bifidobacterium, while decreases in Bacteroides, Coprocosccus, Dorea, and Faecalibacterium. Large increases in Streptococcus, Akkermansia, and Prevotella were observed at 3 months. Beta-diversity and fecal metabolites were also changed, including reduced caffeine metabolites, indoles, and butyrate.ConclusionsDespite small sample size and missing repeated samples in some participants, our pilot study showed significant postsurgery changes in fecal microbiome and metabolites among bariatric surgery patients. Future large-scale, longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate gut microbial changes and their associations with metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery.
| S-EPMC9057387 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Blastocystis is an enteric parasite that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many animals. This emerging parasite has a worldwide distribution. It is often identified as the most common eukaryotic organism reported in human fecal samples. This parasite is recognized and diagnosed more often than ever before. Furthermore, some strains develop resistance against currently recommended drugs, such as metronidazole; therefore, the use of natural remedies or special diets has many positive aspects that may address this problem. The goal of this review is to compare natural treatments and various diets against the efficacy of drugs, and describe their influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, which affects Blastocystis growth and the occurrence of symptoms. This article reviews important work in the literature, including the classification, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, genetics, biology, and treatment of Blastocystis. It also includes a review of the current knowledge about human gut microbiota and various diets proposed for Blastocystis eradication. The literature has revealed that garlic, ginger, some medical plants, and many spices contain the most effective organic compounds for parasite eradication. They work by inhibiting parasitic enzymes and nucleic acids, as well as by inhibiting protein synthesis. The efficacy of any specific organic compound depends on the Blastocystis subtype, and, consequently, on its immunity to treatment. In conclusion, the article discusses the findings that human gut microbiota composition triggers important mechanisms at the molecular level, and, thus, has a crucial influence on the parasitic pathogenicity.
| S-EPMC5554277 | biostudies-other