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Experimental Characterization and Modeling Multifunctional Properties of Epoxy/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites.

ABSTRACT: Thermomechanical modeling of epoxy/graphene oxide under quasi-static and dynamic loading requires thermo-mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, thermal conductivity, and frequency-temperature dependent viscoelastic properties. In this study, the effects of different graphene oxide (GO) concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 wt%) within an epoxy matrix on several mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The distribution of GO fillers in the epoxy was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was employed during the tensile testing to determine Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. Analytical models were used to predict Young's modulus and thermal conductivity, with an error of less than 13% and 9%, respectively. Frequency-temperature dependent phenomenological models were proposed to predict the storage moduli and loss tangent, with a reasonable agreement with experimental data. A relatively high storage modulus, heat-resistance index (T_HRI), and thermal conductivity were observed in 0.2 wt% nanocomposite samples compared with pure epoxy and other lower concentration GO nanocomposites. A high T_HRI and derivative of thermogravimetric analysis peak temperatures (T_m1 and T_m2) were exhibited by adding nano-fillers in the epoxy, which confirms higher thermal stability of nanocomposites than that of pristine epoxy.

SUBMITTER: Naresh K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8401890 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Introduction:In the last years, the utilization of phytomedicines has increased given their good therapeutic activity and fewer side effects compared to allopathic medicines. However, concerns associated with the biocompatibility and toxicity of natural compounds, limit the phytochemical therapeutic action, opening the opportunity to develop new systems that will be able to effectively deliver these substances. This study has developed a nanocomposite of chitosan (CS) functionalized with graphene oxide (GO) for the delivery of proanthocyanidins (PAs), obtained from a grape seed extract (Ext.). Methods:The GO-CS nanocomposite was covalently bonded and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The loading and release of Ext. from the GO-CS nanocomposite were performed in simulated physiological, and the cytotoxicity of the raw materials (GO and Ext.) and nanocomposites (GO-CS and GO-CS-Ext.) was determined using a human kidney cell line (HEK 293). Results:The chemical characterization indicated that the covalent union was successfully achieved between the GO and CS, with 44 wt. % CS in the nanocomposite. The GO-CS nanocomposite was thermostable and presented an average diameter of 480 nm (by DLS). The Ext. loading capacity was approximately 20 wt. %, and under simulated physiological conditions, 28.4 wt.% Ext. (g) was released per g of the nanocomposite. GO-CS-Ext. was noncytotoxic, presenting a 97% survival rate compared with 11% for the raw extract and 48% for the GO-CS nanocomposite at a concentration of 500 µg mL-1 after 24 hrs. Conclusion:Due to ?-? stacking and hydrophilic interactions, GO-CS was reasonably efficient in binding Ext., with high loading capacity and Ext. release from the nanocomposite. The GO-CS nanocomposite also increased the biocompatibility of PAs-rich Ext., representing a new platform for the sustained release of phytodrugs.

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Experimental Characterization and Modeling Multifunctional Properties of Epoxy/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites.

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