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Morphological Analysis of PSMA/PEI Core-Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization.

ABSTRACT: Emulsion polymerization presents the disadvantage that the physical properties of polymer particles are altered by surfactant adsorption. Therefore, in the soap-free emulsion polymerization method, a hydrophilic initiator is utilized while inducing repulsion among particles on the polymer particle surface, resulting in stable polymer particle production. In this study, we developed a methodology wherein spherical and uniform poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) core-shell nanoparticles were prepared. Further, their morphology was analyzed. During PSMA polymerization, the addition of up to 30% maleic anhydride (MA) resulted in stable polymerization. In PSMA/PEI nanoparticle fabrication, the number of reactants increased with increased initial monomer feed amounts; consequently, the particle size increased, and as the complete monomer consumption time increased, the particle distribution widened. The styrene (St) copolymer acted as a stabilizer, reducing particle size and narrowing particle distribution. Furthermore, the monomers were more rapidly consumed at high initiator concentrations, irrespective of the initiator used, resulting in increased particle stability and narrowed particle distribution. The shell thickness and particle size were PEI feed ratio dependent, with 0.08 being the optimal PEI-to-MA ratio. The fabricated nanoparticles possess immense potential for application in environmental science and in chemical and health care industries.

SUBMITTER: Park JJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8402240 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:DNA-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles with different morphologies has proven to be a powerful method to synthesize and access many exclusive shapes and surface properties. While previous studies employ seeds that contain relatively low-energy facets, such as a simple cubic palladium seed in the synthesis of Pd-Au bimetallic nanoparticles, few studies have investigated whether DNA molecules can still exert their influence when the synthesis uses a seed that contains high-energy facets. Seeds that are enclosed by such high-energy facets or sites are known to act as easy nucleation sites in nanoparticles growth and could potentially suppress the effect of DNA. To answer this question, we herein report DNA-encoded control of morphological evolution of bimetallic Pd@Au core-shell nanoparticles from a concave palladium nanocube seed that contains high indexed facets. Based on detailed spectroscopic and SEM studies of time-dependent growth of the bimetallic nanoparticles, we found that each of 10-mer DNA molecules (T10, G10, C10 and A10) has a unique way of interacting with both the seed's surface and the precursor. Among them, the most important factor is the binding affinity of the nucleobase to the Pd surface, with the A10 possessing the highest binding affinity and thus capable of stabilizing the seed's high energy surfaces. Furthermore, for bases with lower binding affinity (T10, G10 and C10) than A10, the growth is completely dictated by the seed's surface energy initially, but the later growth can still be influenced by the different DNA sequences, resulting in four unique morphologically different Pd@Au bimetallic nanoparticles. The effect of these DNA molecules with medium binding affinity can only be observed when there is more deposition of Au. Based on the above results, a scheme for the DNA controlled growth is proposed. Together these results have provided insights into factors governing DNA-mediated growth of core-shell structures using seeds with high-energy sites, and the insights can readily be applied to other bimetallic systems that adopt seed-mediated synthesis.

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Morphological Analysis of PSMA/PEI Core-Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization.

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