Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of Avian orthoavulavirus 16, Isolated from Emperor Goose (Anser canagicus) Feces, Alaska, USA.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Reeves AB
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8407729 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In 2014, a novel Avian orthoavulavirus 16 species was described among wild birds in Korea. In 2018, after massive parallel sequencing of archival strains of Avian orthoavulaviruses, isolated in 2006 in Central Kazakhstan, isolates belonging to this serotype were detected. The obtained data allowed to trace the evolution of this serotype in Asia and to reveal its evolutionary relationships with other Avulavirinae subfamily species. It was determined that Avian orthoavulavirus 16 is phylogenetically very close to Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus) in its genomic characteristics. It is known that Avian orthoavulavirus 1 is divided into two phylogenetically distant Classes I and II. Avian orthoavulavirus 16 turned out to be very close to lentogenic Class I, which circulates mainly among wild birds. It was suggested that Avian orthoavulaviruses 1 and 16 may have common evolutionary origin and in ecological terms, both serotypes are circulating among wild birds of the order Anseriformes (ducks and geese), but Avian orthoavulavirus 1 has gradually replaced Avian orthoavulavirus 16 from active circulation.
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Project description:Emperor Geese (Anser canagicus) are iconic waterfowl endemic to Alaska and adjacent areas of northeastern Russia that are considered to be near threatened by the International Union for Conservation. This species has been identified as harboring diverse viruses and parasites which have, at times, been associated with disease in other avian taxa. To better assess if disease represents a vulnerability for Emperor Geese breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, we evaluated if haemosporidian parasites were associated with decreased mass or survival among adult female nesting birds captured during 2006-2016. Through molecular analyses, we detected genetically diverse Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites in 28%, 1%, and 1% of 607 blood samples screened in triplicate, respectively. Using regression analysis, we found evidence for a small effect of Leucocytozoon infection on the mass of incubating adult female Emperor Geese. The estimated mass of infected individuals was approximately 43 g (95% CI: 20-67 g), or approximately 2%, less than uninfected birds when captured during the second half of incubation (days 11-25). We did not, however, find support for an effect of Leucocytozoon infection on survival of adult female nesting Emperor Geese using a multi-state hidden Markov framework to analyze mark-resight and recapture data. Using parasite mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences, we identified 23 haplotypes among infected Emperor Geese. Leucocytozoon haplotypes clustered into three phylogenetically supported clades designated as 'L. simondi clade A', 'L. simondi clade B', and 'other Leucocytozoon'. We did not find evidence that parasites assigned to any of these clades were associated with differential mass measures among nesting adult female Emperor Geese. Collectively, our results provide negligible evidence for Leucocytozoon parasites as causing detrimental effects to adult female Emperor Geese breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta.
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Project description:Greylag goose populations are steadily increasing in north-western Europe. Although individuals breeding in the Netherlands have been considered mainly sedentary birds, those from Scandinavia or northern Germany fly towards their winter quarters, namely over France as far as Spain. This study aimed to determine the genetic structure of these birds, and to evaluate how goose populations mix. We used mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites from individuals distributed throughout the European Atlantic flyway, from breeding sites in Norway and the Netherlands to stopover and wintering sites in northern and south-western France. The mtDNA marker (CR1 D-Loop, 288 bp sequence, 144 ind.) showed 23 different haplotypes. The genetic distances amongst individuals sampled in Norway, northern France and the Netherlands were low (range 0.012-0.013). Individuals in south-western France showed a slightly higher genetic distance compared to all other sampling areas (ranges 0.018-0.022). The NJ tree does not show evidence of any single clades grouping together all individuals from the same geographic area. Besides, individuals from each site are found in different branches. Bayesian clustering procedures on 14 microsatellites (169 individuals) did not detect any geographically distinct cluster, and a high genetic admixture was recorded in all studied areas except for the individuals from the breeding sites in Norway, which were genetically very close. Estimation of migration rates through Bayesian inference confirms the scenario for the current mixing of goose populations.
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Project description:This study determined the effect of norepinephrine and light exposure on melatonin secretion in goose pineal explants. Additionally, it investigated changes in the content of norepinephrine, dopamine, and their metabolites [3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; vanillylmandelic acid (VMA); homovanillic acid] in goose pineal glands in vivo under 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness (LD), a reversed cycle (DL), constant light (LL), and constant darkness (DD). In vitro content of melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay; contents of catecholamines and their metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Exposure of pineal explants to LD or DL established rhythmic melatonin secretion; this rhythm was much better entrained with norepinephrine exposure during photophase than without it. When the explants were kept in LL or DD, the rhythm was abolished, unless NE was administered during natural scotophase of a daily cycle. In vivo, norepinephrine and dopamine levels did not display rhythmic changes, but their respective metabolites, HMV and VMA, displayed well-entrained diurnal rhythms. These results indicate that norepinephrine and sympathetic innervation play key roles in regulation of pineal secretory activity in geese, and that pineal levels of VMA and HMV provide precise information about the activity of sympathetic nerve fibers in goose pineal glands.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis causes significant economic losses in the domestic goose (Anser anser) industry in Europe. As 95% of the global goose production is in China where the primary species is the swan goose (Anser cygnoides), it is crucial to know whether the agent is present in this region of the world. RESULTS:Purulent cloaca and purulent or necrotic phallus inflammation were observed in affected animals which represented 1-2% of a swan goose breeding flock (75,000 animals) near Guanghzou, China, in September 2019. From twelve sampled animals the cloaca swabs of five birds (three male, two female) were demonstrated to be M. anserisalpingitidis positive by PCR and the agent was successfully isolated from the samples of three female geese. Based on whole genome sequence analysis, the examined isolate showed high genetic similarity (84.67%) with the European isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of two swan goose isolates, determined by microbroth dilution method against 12 antibiotics and an antibiotic combination were also similar to the European domestic goose ones with tylvalosin and tiamulin being the most effective drugs. CONCLUSIONS:To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of M. anserisalpingitidis infection in swan goose, thus the study highlights the importance of mycoplasmosis in the goose industry on a global scale.
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