Characterization of the Genitourinary Microbiome of 1,165 Middle-Aged and Elderly Healthy Individuals.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Qin J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8417382 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Hypertension is an important global health concern. The relationship between hypertension and socioeconomic status (SES) has been extensively studied. However, the role of SES in hypertension is still controversial, and this kind of study is sorely lacking among Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals. The data of this study come from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) released in May 2017. A total of 21,126 people from all around China, with ages older than 45 years, were enrolled in the questionnaire survey. Hypertension was determined according to the entry in CHARLS ("Do you have doctor-diagnosed hypertension?"), and 17,676 people responded to this entry. The basic demographic and SES information were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors of hypertension. Concentration index was used to measure inequality of hypertension incidence. Among the investigated middle-aged and elderly individuals, 5,177/17,676 (29.3%) had doctor-diagnosed hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression implied that individuals older than 55 years (OR 1.436, 95% CI 1.085-1.900 for age interval of 55-64 years; OR 2.032, 95% CI 1.455-2.839 for age interval of 65-74 years; OR 1.672, 95% CI 1.031-2.714 for age interval of older than 75 years), male (OR 0.038, 95% CI 0.595-0.986), overweight (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.462-4.183), and diabetes (OR 3.159, 95% CI 2.129-4.687) were associated with hypertension. For society support, individuals in the lowest quintile were more likely to suffer hypertension. Concentration index results suggested that different income groups did not show inequality on hypertension incidence. Elder age, male, overweight, diabetes, and poor society support were suggested to be associated with hypertension incidence among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. Our study provides implications for controlling and managing hypertension.
| S-EPMC6815568 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Importance:Glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in high-risk conditions, but its significance in low-risk individuals is uncertain. Objective:To determine whether glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in healthy individuals. Design, Setting, and Participants:This was a prospective population-based cohort study, for which enrollment took place from August 2009 to October 2010, with follow-up available through March 31, 2016. Analysis of the data took place in October 2019. The cohort was composed of 9515 healthy individuals, defined as individuals without hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or statin and/or aspirin use, identified among 20 004 patients aged 40 to 69 years with health information accessed through the CARTaGENE research platform. Exposures:Individuals with glomerular hyperfiltration (eGFR >95th percentile after stratification for sex and age) were compared with individuals with normal filtration rate (eGFR 25th-75th percentiles). Main Outcomes and Measures:Adverse cardiovascular events were defined as a composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke, and transient ischemic attack. Risk of adverse cardiovascular events was assessed using Cox and fractional polynomial regressions and propensity score matching. Results:From the 20 004 CARTaGENE participants, 9515 healthy participants (4050 [42.6%] male; median [interquartile range] age, 50.4 [45.9-55.6] years) were identified. Among these, 473 had glomerular hyperfiltration (median [interquartile range] eGFR, 112 [107-115] mL/min/1.73 m2) and 4761 had a normal filtration rate (median [interquartile range] eGFR, 92 [87-97] mL/min/1.73 m2). Compared with the normal filtration rate, glomerular hyperfiltration was associated with an increased cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30-2.74; P = .001). Findings were similar with propensity score matching. The fractional polynomial regression showed that only the highest eGFR percentiles were associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The cardiovascular risk of individuals with glomerular hyperfiltration was similar to that of the 597 participants with an eGFR between 45 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.56-1.42; P = .64). Conclusions and Relevance:These findings suggest that glomerular hyperfiltration is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in middle-aged healthy individuals. This risk profile appears to be similar to stage 3a chronic kidney disease.
| S-EPMC7148438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with white matter disease. Because hypertension results in vascular stiffness and impaired cerebral perfusion, we hypothesized that it would be the most relevant risk factor for microstructural white matter disruption in apparently healthy middle-aged individuals with a family history of early-onset coronary artery disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk with DTI. Regional fractional anisotropy of 181 segmented brain regions was measured using Eve WM Atlas. Risk factors were examined using univariate analysis for 48 regions representing deep WM structures. Minimal multivariable linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, and race and maximal linear regression models adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors were performed for regions meeting the Bonferroni threshold in the initial analysis. RESULTS:Included were 116 subjects (mean age, 49 ± 11 years; 57% men) with a moderate load of cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects with hypertension had significantly lower regional fractional anisotropy in the right cingulum and left stria terminalis in the minimal and maximal regression models. Additionally, there was lower regional fractional anisotropy in the left fornix in the maximal model and right sagittal stratum in the minimal model. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly associated with regional fractional anisotropy in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus in the maximal model. There were no significant differences among regional fractional anisotropy values for other cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS:In middle-aged apparently healthy individuals with susceptibility to vascular disease, among all known cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension was associated with microstructural WM disruption.
| S-EPMC6368444 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The oral microbiome-organisms residing in the oral cavity and their collective genome-are critical components of health and disease. The fungal component of the oral microbiota has not been characterized. In this study, we used a novel multitag pyrosequencing approach to characterize fungi present in the oral cavity of 20 healthy individuals, using the pan-fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers. Our results revealed the "basal" oral mycobiome profile of the enrolled individuals, and showed that across all the samples studied, the oral cavity contained 74 culturable and 11 non-culturable fungal genera. Among these genera, 39 were present in only one person, 16 genera were present in two participants, and 5 genera were present in three people, while 15 genera (including non-culturable organisms) were present in >/=4 (20%) participants. Candida species were the most frequent (isolated from 75% of participants), followed by Cladosporium (65%), Aureobasidium, Saccharomycetales (50% for both), Aspergillus (35%), Fusarium (30%), and Cryptococcus (20%). Four of these predominant genera are known to be pathogenic in humans. The low-abundance genera may represent environmental fungi present in the oral cavity and could simply be spores inhaled from the air or material ingested with food. Among the culturable genera, 61 were represented by one species each, while 13 genera comprised between 2 and 6 different species; the total number of species identified were 101. The number of species in the oral cavity of each individual ranged between 9 and 23. Principal component (PCO) analysis of the obtained data set followed by sample clustering and UniFrac analysis revealed that White males and Asian males clustered differently from each other, whereas both Asian and White females clustered together. This is the first study that identified the "basal mycobiome" of healthy individuals, and provides the basis for a detailed characterization of the oral mycobiome in health and disease.
| S-EPMC2795202 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present study was conducted to investigate the possible association between gut microbes and immunity among healthy middle-aged and elderly individuals in southwest China. A total of 148 healthy adults aged ? 50 years were divided into two age groups: middle-aged group (50-59 years; n = 67, 54.13 ± 3.32) and elderly group (? 60 years; n = 81, 64.70 ± 3.93). Blood samples were collected to measure serum immune and biochemical indices. Gut microbiota compositions of the groups were characterized on the basis of faecal DNA using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Among the detected gut microbes, the presence of Alistipes was negatively correlated with age in both groups. In the middle-aged group, age was negatively correlated with the presence of Desulfovibrio and Faecalibacterium. In the elderly group, Coprococcus was present at significantly higher levels; age was negatively correlated with the presence of Lachnobacterium, Oxalobacter and the Chao index, whereas positively correlated with the presence of Sutterella. In the middle-aged group, the presence of Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the percent of CD8+ T cells and negatively correlated with the CD4+/CD8+ ratio; the presence of Firmicutes was negatively correlated with IgM levels; Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was positively correlated with IgG and IgM levels and Simpson index was negatively correlated with the percent of CD8+ T cells and positively correlated with CD4+/CD8+ ratio. In the elderly group, the presence of Verrucomicrobia (identified as genus Akkermansia) was positively correlated with IgA levels and the percent of CD8+ T cells and negatively correlated with the percent of CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio; the Chao index and observed species were positively correlated with IgA levels.These results indicated that ageing could significantly correlate with the composition of gut microbiota in terms of quantity and quality. Changes in gut microbiota caused by ageing, characterized by decreased Bacteroidetes levels, might be associated with immunosenescence among healthy middle-aged and elderly people in southwest China.
| S-EPMC5806246 | biostudies-other
Project description:PurposeIn clinical practice, currently one reference range for serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M is applied to all adults, although various factors may influence Ig serum levels. Population-based data on determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM and recommendations for subgroup specific reference ranges are lacking. We aimed to provide an overview of determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals and explore determinants that influence Ig reference ranges.MethodsWithin the Rotterdam Study, we performed linear regression analyses for the association of demographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors with serum IgA, IgG, and IgM. We furthermore calculated Ig reference ranges (based on percentiles), both overall and within relevant subgroups.ResultsWe included 8768 participants (median age 62 years). IgA and IgG increased non-linearly with higher age (P < .0001 for both). Women had lower IgA (beta: - 0.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: - 0.29; - 0.20) and IgG (beta: - 0.33; 95% CI: - 0.44; - 0.23), but higher IgM levels (beta: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04;0.13) than men. Former and particularly current smoking were associated with lower IgA and IgG (betas between - 0.07 and - 1.03). Higher alcohol consumption was associated with lower IgG (beta for heavy drinking: - 0.70; 95% CI: - 0.91; - 0.48). Corticosteroid use was associated with lower IgG (beta: - 1.12; 95% CI: - 1.58; - 0.66). Associations with cardiovascular factors were heterogeneous and differed between sexes.ConclusionAge, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, corticosteroid use, and cardiovascular factors are determinants that should be considered when interpreting serum Ig levels in middle-aged and elderly individuals and may require adjusted reference ranges.
| S-EPMC8604889 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fat in the renal sinus (RS), a region of the kidney in which low pressure venous and lymphatic vessels are present, may indirectly influence blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between RS fat and control of blood pressure on receipt of antihypertensive medications. A total of 205 participants aged 55 to 85 years at risk for cardiovascular events underwent MRI assessments of abdominal and RS fat, measurement of blood pressure, and determination of the number of prescribed antihypertensive medications. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine associations among RS fat, blood pressure, and the number of prescribed antihypertensive medications. Abdominal fat averaged 416±160 cm(3) (median and interquartile range of 396 cm(3) and 308 to 518 cm(3)); intraperitoneal fat averaged 141±73 cm(3) (median and interquartile range of 129 cm(3) and 86 to 194 cm(3)); and RS fat averaged 4.6±3.2 cm(3) (median and interquartile range of 4.2 cm(3) and 2.2 to 6.6 cm(3)). After accounting for age, sex, height, body mass index, and intraperitoneal fat, RS fat correlated with the number of prescribed antihypertensive medications (P=0.010), stage II hypertension (P=0.02), and renal size (P?0.001). In conclusion, after accounting for other body fat depots and risk factors for hypertension, RS fat volume is associated with the number of prescribed antihypertensive medications and stage II hypertension. These results indicate that further studies are warranted to determine whether fat accumulation in the RS promotes hypertension.
| S-EPMC3634339 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:To explore whether bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with arterial stiffness in middle-aged and elderly people with an advanced arterial stiffness index as indicated by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). DESIGN:A cross-sectional study. SETTING:This study was conducted from September 2015 to May 2017 at the geriatrics department of a provincial medical centre in China. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 580 patients aged 50 and over were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the group was 64.82±11.4 years, and 63.1% were male. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Associations of age with CAVI values and BMD. Associations between BMD and CAVI values. RESULTS:With increasing age, CAVI values gradually increased (p<0.001) and the femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) BMD gradually decreased (p<0.001, all). In the bivariate correlation analyses between the covariates and CAVI values, age and CAVI values showed the greatest positive correlation (r=0.631, p<0.001), and CAVI values were negatively correlated with FN BMD (r=-0.229, p<0.001) and TH BMD (r=-0.218, p<0.001). In the linear regression analyses, TH BMD (B=-1.812 (95% CI -2.475 to -1.149), p<0.001) and FN BMD (B=-1.968 (95% CI -2.651 to -1.284), p<0.001) were negatively correlated with CAVI values. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, history of diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood uric acid, fibrinogen and estimated glomerular filtration rate, only TH BMD was still negatively correlated with CAVI values (B=-0.843 (95%CI -1.454 to -0.232), p=0.007). However, there was no consistent and significant correlation between lumbar spine BMD and CAVI values. CONCLUSION:In this cross-sectional study, a significant correlation between TH BMD and CAVI values was observed in middle-aged and elderly Chinese inpatients. However, our cohort was a small sample of inpatients, and prospective studies from more centres are expected.
| S-EPMC6701650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Deficits in spatial navigation in three-dimensional space are prevalent in various neurological disorders and are a sensitive cognitive marker for prodromal Alzheimer's disease, but are also associated with non-pathological aging. However, standard neuropsychological tests used in clinical settings lack ecological validity to adequately assess spatial navigation. Experimental paradigms, on the other hand, are often too difficult for seniors or patients with cognitive or motor impairments since most require operating a human interface device (HID) or use complex episodic memory tasks. Here, we introduce an intuitive navigation assessment, which is conceptualized using cognitive models of spatial navigation and designed to account for the limited technical experience and diverging impairments of elderly participants and neurological patients. The brief computer paradigm uses videos of hallways filmed with eye tracking glasses, without employing an episodic memory task or requiring participants to operate a HID. Proof of concept data from 34 healthy, middle-aged and elderly participants (56-78 years) provide evidence for the assessment's feasibility and construct validity as a navigation paradigm. Test performance showed normal distribution and was sensitive to age and education, which needs to be considered when investigating the assessment's psychometric properties in larger samples and clinical populations. Correlations of the navigation assessment with other neuropsychological tests confirmed its dependence on visuospatial skills rather than visual episodic memory, with age driving the association with working memory. The novel paradigm is suitable for a differentiated investigation of spatial navigation in elderly individuals and promising for experimental research in clinical settings.
| S-EPMC9481041 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Omega-3 fatty acids may influence human physiological parameters in part by affecting the gut microbiome. The aim of this study was to investigate the links between omega-3 fatty acids, gut microbiome diversity and composition and faecal metabolomic profiles in middle aged and elderly women. We analysed data from 876 twins with 16S microbiome data and DHA, total omega-3, and other circulating fatty acids. Estimated food intake of omega-3 fatty acids were obtained from food frequency questionnaires. Both total omega-3and DHA serum levels were significantly correlated with microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon index) after adjusting for confounders (DHA Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.04), P = 0.0006 total omega-3: 0.13(0.04), P = 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjusting for dietary fibre intake. We found even stronger associations between DHA and 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), the strongest ones being with OTUs from the Lachnospiraceae family (Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.03), P = 8 × 10-7). Some of the associations with gut bacterial OTUs appear to be mediated by the abundance of the faecal metabolite N-carbamylglutamate. Our data indicate a link between omega-3 circulating levels/intake and microbiome composition independent of dietary fibre intake, particularly with bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family. These data suggest the potential use of omega-3 supplementation to improve the microbiome composition.
| S-EPMC5593975 | biostudies-literature