QTL for Main Stem Node Number and Its Response to Plant Densities in 144 Soybean FW-RILs.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Li WX
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8417731 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThe different leaf type associated traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) including leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape and petiole length are considered to be associated with seed yield. In order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting leaf type traits, two advanced recombinant inbred line (RIL, ZH, Zhonghuang 24 × Huaxia 3; GB, Guizao 1 × Brazil 13) populations were introduced to score phenotypic values in plants across nine different environments (years, seasons, locations and soybean growth stages). Two restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) based high-density genetic linkage maps with an average distance of 1.00 centimorgan (cM) between adjacent bin markers were utilized for QTL fine mapping.ResultsCorrelation analysis showed that most of the traits were correlated with each other and regulated both by hereditary and environmental factors. A total of 190 QTLs were identified for leaf type associated traits in the two populations, of which 14 loci were found to be environmentally stable. Moreover, these detected QTLs were categorized into 34 QTL hotspots, and four important QTL hotspots with phenotypic variance ranging from 3.89-23.13% were highlighted. Furthermore, Glyma04g05840, Glyma19g37820, Glyma14g07140 and Glyma19g39340 were predicted in the intervals of the stable loci and important QTL hotspots for leaf type traits by adopting Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis.ConclusionsOur findings of the QTLs and the putative genes will be beneficial to gain new insights into the genetic basis for soybean leaf type traits and may further accelerate the breeding process for reasonable leaf type soybean.
| S-EPMC6444683 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Soybean is one of the most important food and oil crops in the world. Plant height (PH) and the number of nodes on the main stem (NNMS) are quantitative traits closely related to soybean yield. In this study, we used 208 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) populations constructed using "SN14" and "ZYD00006" for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of PH and NNMS. Combined with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) by extreme materials, 8 consistent QTLs were identified. According to the gene annotation of the QTL interval, a total of 335 genes were obtained. Five of which were associated with PH and NNMS, potentially representing candidate genes. RT-qPCR of these 5 candidate genes revealed two genes with differential relative expression levels in the stems of different materials. Haplotype analysis showed that different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the excellent haplotypes in Glyma.04G251900 and Glyma.16G156700 may be the cause of changes in these traits. These results provide the basis for research on candidate genes and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in soybean breeding.
| S-EPMC6981803 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) isoflavone is important for human health and plant defense system. To identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) and epistatic QTL underlying isoflavone content in soybean, F5:6, F5:7 and F5:8 populations of 130 recombinant inbred (RI) lines, derived from the cross of soybean cultivar 'Zhong Dou 27' (high isoflavone) and 'Jiu Nong 20' (low isoflavone), were analyzed with 95 new SSR markers. A new linkage map including 194 SSR markers and covering 2,312 cM with mean distance of about 12 cM between markers was constructed. Thirty four QTL for both individual and total seed isoflavone contents of soybean were identified. Six, seven, ten and eleven QTL were associated with daidzein (DZ), glycitein (GC), genistein (GT) and total isoflavone (TI), respectively. Of them 23 QTL were newly identified. The qTIF_1 between Satt423 and Satt569 shared the same marker Satt569 with qDZF_2, qGTF_1 and qTIF_2. The qGTD2_1 between Satt186 and Satt226 was detected in four environments and explained 3.41%-10.98% of the phenotypic variation. The qGTA2_1, overlapped with qGCA2_1 and detected in four environments, was close to the previously identified major QTL for GT, which were responsible for large a effects. QTL (qDZF_2, qGTF_1 and qTIF_2) between Satt144-Satt569 were either clustered or pleiotropic. The qGCM_1, qGTM_1 and qTIM_1 between Satt540-Sat_244 explained 2.02%-9.12% of the phenotypic variation over six environments. Moreover, the qGCE_1 overlapped with qGTE_1 and qTIE_1, the qTIH_2 overlapped with qGTH_1, qGCI_1 overlapped with qDZI_1, qTIL_1 overlapped with qGTL_1, and qTIO_1 overlapped with qGTO_1. In this study, some of unstable QTL were detected in different environments, which were due to weak expression of QTL, QTL by environment interaction in the opposite direction to a effects, and/or epistasis. The markers identified in multi-environments in this study could be applied in the selection of soybean cultivars for higher isoflavone content and in the map-based gene cloning.
| S-EPMC4349890 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOne of the overarching goals of soybean breeding is to develop lines that combine increased yield with improved quality characteristics. High-density-marker QTL mapping can serve as an effective strategy to identify novel genomic information to facilitate crop improvement. In this study, we genotyped a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (Zhonghuang 24 × Huaxia 3) using a restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) approach. A high-density soybean genetic map was constructed and used to identify several QTLs that were shown to influence six yield-related and two quality traits.ResultsA total of 47,472 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected for the RILs that were integrated into 2639 recombination bin units, with an average distance of 1.00 cM between adjacent markers. Forty seven QTLs for yield-related traits and 13 QTLs for grain quality traits were found to be distributed on 16 chromosomes in the 2 year studies. Among them, 18 QTLs were stable, and were identified in both analyses. Twenty six QTLs were identified for the first time, with a single QTL (qNN19a) in a 56 kb region explaining 32.56% of phenotypic variation, and an additional 10 of these were novel, stable QTLs. Moreover, 8 QTL hotpots on four different chromosomes were identified for the correlated traits.ConclusionsWith RAD-sequencing, some novel QTLs and important QTL clusters for both yield-related and quality traits were identified based on a new, high-density bin linkage map. Three predicted genes were selected as candidates that likely have a direct or indirect influence on both yield and quality in soybean. Our findings will be helpful for understanding common genetic control mechanisms of co-localized traits and to select cultivars for further analysis to predictably modulate soybean yield and quality simultaneously.
| S-EPMC5477377 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Plant height, which shows dynamic development and heterosis, is a major trait affecting plant architecture and has an indirect influence on economic yield related to biological yield in cotton. In the present study, we carried out dynamic analysis for plant height and its heterosis by quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping at multiple developmental stages using two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and their backcross progeny. At the single-locus level, 47 QTL were identified at five developmental stages in two hybrids. In backcross populations, QTL identified at an early stage mainly showed partial effects and QTL detected at a later stage mostly displayed overdominance effects. At the two-locus level, we found that main effect QTL played a more important role than epistatic QTL in the expression of heterosis in backcross populations. Therefore, this study implies that the genetic basis of plant height heterosis shows dynamic character and main effect QTL with dominance determines heterosis for plant height in Upland cotton.
| S-EPMC5068956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundGrain yield is a complex trait that results from interaction between underlying phenotypic traits and climatic, edaphic, and biotic variables. In rice, main culm panicle node number (MCPNN; the node number on which the panicle is borne) and maximum node production rate (MNPR; the number of leaves that emerge per degree-day > 10°C) are primary phenotypic plant traits that have significant positive direct effects on yield-related traits. Degree-days to heading (DDTH), which has a significant positive effect on grain yield, is influenced by the interaction between MCPNN and MNPR. The objective of this research is to assess the phenotypic variation of MCPNN, MNPR, and DDTH in a panel of diverse rice accessions, determine regions in the rice genome associated with these traits using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and identify putative candidate genes that control these traits.ResultsConsiderable variation was observed for the three traits in a 220-genotype diverse rice population. MCPNN ranged from 8.1 to 20.9 nodes in 2018 and from 9.9 to 21.0 nodes in 2019. MNPR ranged from 0.0097 to 0.0214 nodes/degree day > 10°C in 2018 and from 0.0108 to 0.0193 nodes/degree-day > 10°C in 2019. DDTH ranged from 713 to 2,345 degree-days > 10°C in 2018 and from 778 to 2,404 degree-days > 10°C in 2019. Thirteen significant (P < 2.91 x 10-7) trait-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations were identified using the multilocus mixed linear model for GWAS. Significant associations between MCPNN and three SNPs in chromosome 2 (S02_12032235, S02_11971745, and S02_12030176) were detected with both the 2018 and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) datasets. Nine SNPs in chromosome 6 (S06_1970442, S06_2310856, S06_2550351, S06_1968653, S06_2296852, S06_1968680, S06_1968681, S06_1970597, and S06_1970602) were significantly associated with MNPR in the 2019 dataset. One SNP in chromosome 11 (S11_29358169) was significantly associated with the DDTH in the BLUP dataset.ConclusionsThis study identifies SNP markers that are putatively associated with MCPNN, MNPR, and DDTH. Some of these SNPs were located within or near gene models, which identify possible candidate genes involved in these traits. Validation of the putative candidate genes through expression and gene editing analyses are necessary to confirm their roles in regulating MCPNN, MNPR, and DDTH. Identifying the underlying genetic basis for primary phenotypic traits MCPNN and MNPR could lead to the development of fast and efficient approaches for their estimation, such as marker-assisted selection and gene editing, which is essential in increasing breeding efficiency and enhancing grain yield in rice. On the other hand, DDTH is a resultant variable that is highly affected by nitrogen and water management, plant density, and several other factors.
| S-EPMC9125873 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Isoflavone, protein, and oil are the most important quality traits in soybean. Since these phenotypes are typically quantitative traits, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has been an efficient way to clarify their complex and unclear genetic background. However, the low-density genetic map and the absence of QTL integration limited the accurate and efficient QTL mapping in previous researches. This paper adopted a recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population derived from 'Zhongdou27'and 'Hefeng25' and a high-density linkage map based on whole-genome resequencing to map novel QTL and used meta-analysis methods to integrate the stable and consentaneous QTL. The candidate genes were obtained from gene functional annotation and expression analysis based on the public database. A total of 41 QTL with a high logarithm of odd (LOD) scores were identified through composite interval mapping (CIM), including 38 novel QTL and 2 Stable QTL. A total of 660 candidate genes were predicted according to the results of the gene annotation and public transcriptome data. A total of 212 meta-QTL containing 122 stable and consentaneous QTL were mapped based on 1,034 QTL collected from previous studies. For the first time, 70 meta-QTL associated with isoflavones were mapped in this study. Meanwhile, 69 and 73 meta-QTL, respectively, related to oil and protein were obtained as well. The results promote the understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of isoflavones, protein, and oil at molecular levels, and facilitate the construction of molecular modular for great quality traits in soybean.
| S-EPMC8692671 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Poor lodging resistance could limit increases in soybean yield. Previously, a considerable number of observations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for lodging resistance have been reported by independent studies. The integration of these QTL into a consensus map will provide further evidence of their usefulness in soybean improvement. To improve informative QTL in soybean, a mapping population from a cross between the Harosoy and Clark cultivars, which inherit major U.S. soybean genetic backgrounds, was used along with previous mapping populations to identify QTL for lodging resistance. Together with 78 QTL for lodging collected from eighteen independent studies, a total of 88 QTL were projected onto the soybean consensus map. A total of 16 significant QTL clusters were observed; fourteen of them were confirmed in either two or more mapping populations or a single population subjected to different environmental conditions. Four QTL (one on chromosome 7 and three on 10) were newly identified in the present study. Further, meta-analysis was used to integrate QTL across different studies, resulting in two significant meta-QTL each on chromosomes 6 and 19. Our results provide deeper knowledge of valuable lodging resistance QTL in soybean, and these QTL could be used to increase lodging resistance.
| S-EPMC6484036 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Plant height (PH) is an important agronomic trait and is closely related to yield in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Previous studies have identified many QTLs for PH. Due to the complex genetic background of PH in soybean, there are few reports on its fine mapping. RESULTS:In this study, we used a mapping population derived from a cross between a chromosome segment substitution line CSSL3228 (donor N24852 (G. Soja), a receptor NN1138-2 (G. max)) and NN1138-2 to fine map a wild soybean allele of greater PH by QTL-seq and linkage mapping. We identified a QTL for PH in a 1.73 Mb region on soybean chromosome 13 through QTL-seq, which was confirmed by SSR marker-based classical QTL mapping in the mapping population. The linkage analysis showed that the QTLs of PH were located between the SSR markers BARCSOYSSR_13_1417 and BARCSOYSSR_13_1421 on chromosome 13, and the physical distance was 69.3 kb. RT-PCR and sequence analysis of possible candidate genes showed that Glyma.13 g249400 revealed significantly higher expression in higher PH genotypes, and the gene existed 6 differences in the amino acids encoding between the two parents. CONCLUSIONS:Data presented here provide support for Glyma.13 g249400 as a possible candidate genes for higher PH in wild soybean line N24852.
| S-EPMC5870336 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The FW2.2-like (FWL) genes encode cysteine-rich proteins with a placenta-specific 8 domain. They play roles in cell division and organ size control, response to rhizobium infection, and metal ion homeostasis in plants. Here, we target eight rice FWL genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivered by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We successfully generate transgenic T0 lines for 15 of the 16 targets. The targeted mutations are detected in the T0 lines of all 15 targets and the average mutation rate is found to be 81.6%. Transfer DNA (T-DNA) truncation is a major reason for the failure of mutagenesis in T0 plants. T-DNA segregation analysis reveals that the T-DNA inserts in transgenic plants can be easily eliminated in the T1 generation. Of the 30 putative off-target sites examined, unintended mutations are detected in 13 sites. Phenotypic analysis reveals that tiller number and plant yield of OsFWL4 gene mutants are significantly greater than those of the wild type. Flag leaves of OsFWL4 gene mutants are wider than those of the wild type. The increase in leaf width of the mutants is caused by an increase in cell number. Additionally, grain length of OsFWL1 gene mutants is higher than that of the wild type. Our results suggest that transgene-free rice plants with targeted mutations can be produced in the T1 generation using the Agrobacterium-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system and that the OsFWL4 gene is a negative regulator of tiller number and plant yield.
| S-EPMC7037146 | biostudies-literature