Dataset Information

Dietary Patterns and Years Living in the United States by Hispanic/Latino Heritage in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

ABSTRACT:

Background

Previous diet findings in Hispanics/Latinos rarely reflect differences in commonly consumed and culturally relevant foods across heritage groups and by years lived in the United States.

Objectives

We aimed to identify and compare a posteriori heritage-specific dietary patterns (DPs) and evaluate their associations with "healthfulness" [using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010)] and years living in the United States.

Methods

We used baseline data from a population-based cohort of 14,099 Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 y in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We performed principal factor analysis using two 24-h recalls to derive DPs, separately, in each heritage group (Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, and South American), and identified overarching DPs based on high-loading foods shared by ≥2 groups. We used multivariable linear regression to test associations of DPs with AHEI-2010 and years living in the United States.

Results

We identified 5 overarching DPs (Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks; White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats; Fish; Egg & Cheese; and Alcohol). All Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks DPs were inversely associated with AHEI-2010, whereas all Fish DPs (except Dominican) were positively associated with this index (all P-trend < 0.001). White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats DPs showed inverse associations in Cuban and Central American groups and positive associations in Mexican-origin individuals (all P-trend < 0.001). Fewer years living in the United States was associated with higher scores for White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats DPs in Cuban and Mexican heritage groups and lower scores on Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks DPs in Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican groups (all P-trend < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our findings show substantial variation in DPs across Hispanics/Latinos and adherence to DPs by time in the United States, which could inform dietary interventions targeting this diverse US population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02060344.

SUBMITTER: Maldonado LE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8417926 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Abstract Objectives We aimed to identify and compare a posteriori heritage-specific dietary patterns (DPs), and evaluate their associations with “healthfulness” (using Alternative Healthy Eating Index, AHEI-2010) and years living in the US. Methods We used baseline data from a population-based cohort of 14,099 Hispanics/Latinos aged 18–74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We performed principal factor analysis using two 24-hr recalls to derive DPs, separately, in each heritage group (Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, South American); and identified overarching DPs based on high-loading foods shared by two or more groups. We used multivariable linear regression to test associations of DPs with AHEI-2010 and years living in the US. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02060344. Results We identified 5 overarching DPs (“Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks”; “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats”; “Fish”; “Egg & Cheese”; and “Alcohol”). While all “Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks” DPs were inversely associated with AHEI-2010, all Fish DPs (except Dominican) were positively associated with this index (all Ptrend < 0.001). Meanwhile, “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats” DPs showed inverse associations in Cuban and Central American groups and positive associations in Mexican-origin individuals (all Ptrend < 0.001). Fewer years living in the US was associated with higher scores for “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats” DPs in Cuban and Mexican heritage groups and lower scores on “Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks” DPs in Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican groups (all Ptrend < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings show substantial variation in DPs across Hispanics/Latinos and adherence in DPs by time in the US, which could inform dietary interventions targeting this diverse US population. Funding Sources This research received support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Global Cardiometabolic Disease Training Grant (1T32HL129969–01A1), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK107791), and from the Population Research Infrastructure Program (R24 HD050924) awarded to the Carolina Population Center at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Project description:BackgroundExcessive sedentary time is ubiquitous in developed nations and is associated with deleterious health outcomes. Few studies have examined whether the manner in which sedentary time is accrued (in short or long bouts) carries any clinical relevance. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of prolonged, uninterrupted sedentary behavior with glycemic biomarkers in a cohort of US Hispanic/Latino adults.MethodsWe studied 12 083 participants from the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos), a population-based study of Hispanic/Latino adults 18 to 74 years of age. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured from a fasting blood sample, and 2-hour glucose was measured after an oral glucose tolerance test. Sedentary time was objectively measured with a hip-mounted accelerometer. Prolonged, uninterrupted sedentariness was expressed as mean sedentary bout length.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders and moderate to vigorous physical activity, longer sedentary bout duration was dose-dependently associated with increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P for trend<0.001) and 2-hour glucose levels (P for trend=0.015). These associations were not independent of total sedentary time; however, a significant interaction between sedentary bout duration and total sedentary time was observed. Evaluation of the joint association of total sedentary time and sedentary bout duration showed that participants in the upper quartile for both sedentary characteristics (ie, high total sedentary time and high sedentary bout duration) had the highest levels of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P<0.001 versus low group for both sedentary characteristics) and 2-hour glucose (P=0.002 versus low group for both sedentary characteristics). High total sedentary time or high sedentary bout duration alone were not associated with differences in any glycemic biomarkers.ConclusionsAccruing sedentary time in prolonged, uninterrupted bouts may be deleteriously associated with biomarkers of glucose regulation.

Project description:BackgroundSedentary behavior is recognized as a distinct construct from lack of moderate-vigorous physical activity and is associated with deleterious health outcomes. Previous studies have primarily relied on self-reported data, whereas data on the relationship between objectively measured sedentary time and cardiometabolic biomarkers are sparse, especially among US Hispanics/Latinos.Methods and resultsWe examined associations of objectively measured sedentary time (via Actical accelerometers for 7 days) and multiple cardiometabolic biomarkers among 12 083 participants, aged 18 to 74 years, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Hispanics/Latinos of diverse backgrounds (Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American) were recruited from 4 US cities between 2008 and 2011. Sedentary time (<100 counts/min) was standardized to 16 hours/d of wear time. The mean sedentary time was 11.9 hours/d (74% of accelerometer wear time). After adjustment for moderate-vigorous physical activity and confounding variables, prolonged sedentary time was associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.04), and increased triglycerides, 2-hour glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (all P<0.0001). These associations were generally consistent across age, sex, Hispanic/Latino backgrounds, and physical activity levels. Even among individuals meeting physical activity guidelines, sedentary time was detrimentally associated with several cardiometabolic biomarkers (diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting and 2-hour glucose, fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; all P<0.05).ConclusionsOur large population-based, objectively derived data showed deleterious associations between sedentary time and cardiometabolic biomarkers, independent of physical activity, in US Hispanics/Latinos. Our findings emphasize the importance of reducing sedentary behavior for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, even in those who meet physical activity recommendations.

Project description:ObjectiveWe examined links among dietary patterns (DPs), insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes risk by heritage in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.MethodsHispanics/Latinos of Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, and South American heritage aged 18-74 years and diabetes-free completed two 24 h dietary recalls at baseline (2008-2011) and provided 6-year follow-up data (2014-2017; n = 7774). We classified 6-year IR status [improved, unchanged (referent), worsened] using a 1-SD change in fasting insulin between visits and defined incident diabetes based on American Diabetes Association criteria. We derived heritage-specific DPs via principal factor analysis and estimated their associations with 6-year IR status (multinomial) and incident diabetes (binary) using complex survey-based logistic regression.ResultsFive overarching DPs based on high-loading foods were shared by two or more heritage groups: "Burger, Fries, & Soft Drinks"; "White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats"; "Fish & Whole Grains"; "Cheese & Sweets"; and "Stew & Corn". Comparing highest-to-lowest DP quintiles, the Dominican "Burger, Fries, & Soft Drinks" and Cuban "White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats" DPs were associated with worsened 6-year IR status (log-odds: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.68, Ptrend = 0.037 and log-odds: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.49, 2.06, Ptrend = 0.009, respectively). The Puerto Rican "Burger, Fries, & Soft Drinks" and the Central American "White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats" DPs were associated with greater diabetes incidence (OR: 3.00, 95% CI:1.50, 5.99 and OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.05, 5.50, respectively).ConclusionsA diet characterized by higher intakes of burgers, fries, and soft drinks and another characterized by higher intakes of white rice, beans, and red meats may be adversely associated with IR and diabetes risk in some Hispanic/Latino heritage groups. Future work is needed to offer more heritage-specific dietary guidance for diabetes prevention in this population.